NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science - Social and Political Life Chapter-6 -CoolGyan

Students of class 8 CBSE get to learn different aspects of Indian judiciary. From geography to history and civics, there are other subjects students get to learn essential aspects of the respective area. In the NCERT Solutions class 8 civics chapter 6 notes, students gain an in-depth knowledge of the criminal justice system. If you have not heard about FIR, public prosecutor and fair trial, then this you get to learn about them. These class 8 notes are available in PDF format too, making it worth downloading and learning. Type what is fair trial class 8 online, and you will find complete notes.

Subject experts who carry complete knowledge about the criminal justice system author these class 8 civics chapter 6 notes. When it comes to a fair trial, the Indian constitution says, every individual charged is eligible to get a fair trial. You can also Download NCERT Solution for Class 8 Maths and NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science to help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Access NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 6 – Understanding Our Criminal Justice System

1. In a town called Peace Land, the supporters of the Fiesta football team learn that the supporters of the Jubilee football team in the nearby city about 40 km away have damaged the ground on which the Final between both teams is to be held the following day. A crowd of Fiesta fans armed with deadly weapons attacks the homes of the supporters of the Jubilee football team in the town. In the attack, 10 men are killed, 5 women are gravely hurt, many homes are destroyed and over 50 people injured.

Imagine that you and your classmates are now part of the criminal justice system. First divide the class into the following four groups of persons:

1. Police, 2. Public Prosecutor, 3. Defense lawyer, 4. Judge .

The column on the right provides a list of functions. Match these with the roles that are listed on the left. Have each group pick the functions that it needs to perform to bring justice to those who were affected by the violence of the Fiesta fans? In what order, will these functions be performed?

Roles	Functions
Police	Hear the witnesses
Public Prosecutor	Record the statements of the witnesses
Defence Lawyer	Cross examine the witnesses
Judge	Take photographs of burnt homes
	Record the evidence
	Arrest the Fiesta fans
	Writes the judgement
	Argue the case for the victims
	Decides for how many years the accused will be put in jail
	Examine the witnesses in court
	Pass the judgement
	Get the assaulted women medically examined
	Conduct a fair trial
	Meet the accused persons

Ans: Police: Record the statements of witnesses; record the evidence; take photographs of burnt homes; arrest the Fiesta fans; get the assaulted women medically examined.

Public Prosecutor: Examine the witnesses; cross examine the witnesses in court; argue the case for the victims.

Defense Lawyer: Examine the witnesses; meet the accused persons; cross examine the witness in court.

Judge: Hear the witness; write the judgment; decide for how many years the accused will be put in jail; pass the judgment: conduct a fair trial.

The police are the very first part of the criminal justice system which comes in contact with the location of crime or accident and collects evidence. Then comes the role of Public Prosecutors and Defense lawyers. In the end the Judge decides the case and passes the judgment. There are a number of other things that happen after a crime takes place, which are mentioned above.

2. Now take the same situation but ask one student who is a supporter of the Fiesta Club to perform the functions listed above. Do you think the victims would get justice if only one person performed all of the functions of the criminal justice system? Why not? State two reasons why you believe that different persons need to play different roles as part of the criminal justice system?

Ans: If only one individual handled all aspects of the criminal justice system, he would be swayed by a variety of internal and external biases. As a result, a separation of powers is also required in the legal system, because absolute power can never be fair. As all aspects of an investigation and trial cannot be conducted by one person alone, as they entail diverse types of work such as arrests, recording of witness statements, defense of accused and victims' parties, passing of a fair trial, and a judicially correct judgment, different people must play different roles as part of the criminal justice system. As a result, different people should be in charge of different offices in the criminal justice system to think wisely, grasp situations, and give legal verdicts. If all of these abilities are concentrated in one person, they may be abused, resulting in a violation of the rule of law based on equal and just choices.

CBSE Notes Class 8 Civics Chapter 6

Understand Indian Criminal Justice System

In this class 8 civics chapter 6 notes, students will get to learn complete ideas about the Indian criminal justice system. Article 22 of the constitution, every person is eligible and has a fundamental right to get a fair trial and a lawyer. Article 39A of the constitution places the duty upon the state to provide a lawyer for the charged citizen.

When you learn what is fair trial class 8, you will get to learn about four key players in the criminal justice system- police, Public Prosecutor, defense lawyer, and the judge.

Role of the Police in investigating the crime

The primary role of the police in the judiciary system is to investigate the crime. The process includes recording statements of suspects and collecting evidence to send it to the forensic. This investigation will help the police to find out the real culprit rather than investigating the wrong one. Police should investigate according to the rule of law respecting human rights. There are specific guidelines set by the constitution for police, which they need to follow. The police need to register the FIR before the investigation begins. This is the standard procedure.

The FIR should contain all the details, including the date; time, and place the crime took. These details are very crucial in the case and help the prosecutor to fight the case accordingly.

While filing the FIR, it is vital to note that there should not be any force on the victim or suspect. Moreover, police officials, while interrogating the suspect or the victim, should carry the identification. It is the standard rule, which should be followed by police officials to ensure everything is followed rightly.

Role of the Public Prosecutor

In the class 8 civics chapter 6 notes, students get to learn about the public prosecutor. He/she is the person who represents the interests of the state. The role of the prosecutor begins right after the police investigation is done and the charge sheet is filed in the court. The prosecutor has to conduct on behalf of the state and need to be highly experienced to handle criminal cases and do the homework well before presenting the case.

Role of the Judge

Judge is like an umpire, who after seeing all the evidence and how the prosecutor defends the charged person. He/she will also hear and consider the witness and proof before giving the judgement. Based on the evidence, the judge provides the hearing and final verdict. It is the job of the judge to follow the constitution rule to give a fair trial to the victim.

What is a Fair Trial?

In the civic note of chapter 6, what is a fair trial class 8 section gives a complete understanding about it. A fair trial is providing justice to the victim under Article 21 of the constitution. There are certain features of a fair trial.

The fair trial is held in open court in front of the public, accused, victim, and defense lawyers. The judge cross-examines every aspect put forward by lawyers. Defense lawyers do their best to ensure that the accused or the victim is set free. Every citizen, irrespective of caste, gender, ideology, and religion is eligible to get a fair trial. A judge has to be impartial and give judgement according to Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.

Some of the rules set in Article 22 of the Constitution towards the arrested person are-

The arrested person has a complete right to get informed at the time of arrest and offence for which arrest is being made.
Right not to be ill-treated during the arrest.
Confessions made in police custody are not viable as evidence against the accused.

Complete Class 8 Civics Chapter 6 Notes

Students looking for class 8 civics chapter 6 notes of the criminal justice system can download the PDF format of the same. It is easy to download and learn or practice for the exam. The online version of CBSE class 8 chapters have made things simple for students to practice for the exam.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. Can an Officer Arrest the Suspect without a Warrant?

A police officer can arrest the suspect without a warrant under section 41 of the CPC under the following circumstances:

Committing a criminal act amounting to a cognizable offense
Procession of housebreaking or murder
Obstructing or harming police officer in the execution of his duty

2. What Does the Criminal Justice System in India Include?

The criminal justice system includes institutions/agencies and a complete process established by the government to control the crime in the country. Police, prosecutor and judge are the three components included in the CJS.

3. Why do you believe that different people need to play different roles as part of the criminal justice system?

The Police, the Public Prosecutor, the Defence Counsel, and The Judge are the four main players in the criminal justice system. Police officers make arrests and file reports. It is not, however, the job of the police to determine whether or not a person is guilty. A court of law determines whether or not a person is guilty once they have been arrested. Under the Constitution, everyone accused of a crime is entitled to a fair trial and to ensure that different people need to play different roles.

4. What is the role of the Judge in the criminal justice system according to the syllabus of Class 8?

The judge functions as an umpire in a game, ensuring that the trial is conducted fairly and openly. On the basis of the evidence submitted and in line with the law, the judge determines whether the accused individual is guilty or innocent. The judge will impose a penalty if the accused is proven guilty. He may sentence the accused to prison, fine them, or both, depending on the law.

5. What is a FIR?

FIR stands for First Information Report. According to the legislation, an official in charge of a police station is required to file an FIR anytime a person provides information regarding a cognizable offence. Orally or in writing, this information might be given to the police. The FIR normally includes the date, time, and location of the crime, as well as the fundamental facts of the crime, such as a description of the occurrences.

6. What is the role of the Public Prosecutor?

The State's interests are represented in court by the Public Prosecutor. After the police have completed their investigation and filed the chargesheet in court, the prosecutor's task begins. The Prosecutor is responsible for carrying out the prosecution on behalf of the State. As a court official, it is his or her responsibility to behave impartially and present the court with all relevant facts, witnesses, and evidence in order for the court to make a decision.

7. What are the fundamental rights of every arrested person?

Every arrested individual is guaranteed some Fundamental Rights by Article 22 of the Constitution and criminal law. They are:

The right to know the crime for which the individual is being arrested at the time of the arrest.
The right to appear in front of a magistrate within 24 hours of being detained.
The right not to be mistreated or tortured while being detained.
Confessions made while the accused is in police custody are not admissible in court.
Women and minors under the age of 15 cannot be summoned to the police station just to be interrogated.