Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes for Chapter 7 – The p-Block Elements

Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes for Chapter 7 – The p-Block Elements – Free PDF Download

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 7 The p – block elements offered by CoolGyan are available online in PDF form for students to access. It will help them ace their exam preparation for their upcoming CBSE Board Exams.  These p block Elements Notes are drafted by subject experts and are as per the latest syllabus. Also, these p block Class 12 Notes have the necessary shortcut techniques and step by step derivations to facilitate a quick recapitulation of the same. 

Class 12 p block Notes – At a Glance

‘p-block’ elements are primarily found on the right side of a periodic table. Elements like boron, carbon, nitrogen, Oxygen, etc. are called p-block elements. The reason that they are called so is that their valence electrons are present in the p-orbital.
The study of elements and their atomic composition is an essential part of Physical Chemistry. Students are required to have a clear understanding of the fundamentals of atomic Chemistry to understand the more profound concepts related to each element, separately.
To gain clarity, you can refer to our Revision Notes of p block Elements Class 12 PDF before your final exam. We have presented all the necessary pointers covered in this chapter to help you develop an overall idea as well as recall the essential things that you have already studied in this chapter.
We have also added a detailed explanation of a few pointers, as and when required. It will enable students to recall the basics of those topics as well. From the elements point-of-view, you are likely to learn the following things:

  • Position of the element in a periodic table: its atomic number and mass number.
  • Electronic configuration of the elements.
  • Properties of those elements.
  • Methods of preparation: Laboratory and industrial methods.
  • Reaction with other elements.
  • Oxides of those elements.

Simultaneously, you should also be fluent in the periodic table. Prior knowledge of the positions and properties of elements will give you an edge over understanding the topics accurately and quickly. In this regard, make sure you go through our p block Elements Class 12 PDF revision notes in case you have forgotten a few points.
Our study notes are drafted by experienced faculty members who have been teaching students in various cities. They are thus, aware of the challenges that students generally face. Subsequently, they have compiled these revision notes for students who are about to take their CBSE board exams in the upcoming year.
These notes are standard and have the required list-wise information along with shortcuts to help you ace your exam fetching subject-best scores.

p block Elements Notes – Revision Notes

To understand p-block elements and their properties appropriately, make sure you have access to our quality study materials. You can take help from our p block Elements Class 12 Notes PDF and gain an insight into the same.
However, for your convenience, below here is a brief overview of all the topics and descriptions covered in our revision notes.

  • p block Elements Notes Class 12 – Group 15 Elements: The Nitrogen Group

The chapter starts with the nitrogen family. Here you will be introduced to all the elements present in this family. Alongside, you will be shown the following properties as well:

  • Electronic configuration
  • Atomic and ionic radii
  • Ionisation enthalpy
  • Electronegativity
  • Physical properties
  • Chemical properties

Besides, you will also be taught about several anomalous properties of nitrogen as well. Next, you will be informed about reactivity with certain elements like:

  • Hydrogen.
  • Oxygen.
  • Halogens.
  • Metals.

Each of these points is mentioned in our p block Elements Class 12 PDF to help you understand each of them separately. In case there are questions based on them, you can answer them correctly.

  • P-block Elements Notes PDF – Nitrogen: Chemical Preparation

After you are acquainted with the elements in p-block, you will be taught the origin of those elements. Besides, you can also prepare nitrogen in a laboratory, which is the main objective of this section.
Avail our p-block Elements Class 12 Notes PDF download and develop a proper understanding of the following points:

  • Anomalous properties of nitrogen.
  • Reactivity towards hydrogen, Oxygen, and metals.
  • Melting and boiling points of elements.
  • Ionisation enthalpy.
  • Atomic radii and ionic radii.
  • The density of the elements.

The points mentioned above must be clear with the students before an exam as you can refer to our p block Elements Class 12 PDF. All these properties are equally important and should not be missed out. Students will be made familiar with the reactions taking place at:

  • Higher temperature
  • Lower temperature

We have mentioned these points in bullet points with step by step reactions so that you can understand them easily. Students have to develop clarity on the properties of nitrogen so that they can understand the reactions which are carried out to form nitrogen in a laboratory.

  • p block Elements PDF – Nitrogen: Industrial Preparation

After the chemical preparation, students should know about industrial preparation as well. Herein, students have to learn two procedures:

  • From liquefied air by fractional distillation.
  • From product gas obtained from a furnace.

Both these processes are briefly described in our p block Elements Class 12 PDF to facilitate a better understanding of the same. Besides, we have also listed the properties of nitrogen that will further simplify the learning process.
A pointwise representation will make it easier for you to recall things correctly and also help you answer them appropriately in your board exams. As a result, you can boost your scores too by revising from the p block Class 12 Notes.

  • p block Elements Notes PDF – Ammonia: Laboratory Preparation

Ammonia is one of the essential compounds of nitrogen. The nitrogen bonds with hydrogen to form Ammonia with the formula NH3. Generally, it is a colourless gas and has a very pungent smell.
You can develop an understanding of the fundamentals of Ammonia from our notes where you will know about:

  • Components of Ammonia.
  • Uses of Ammonia.
  • Effects of Ammonia on the human body.

As you go through our p block Elements Class 12 PDF, you will compactly read about all these. Our notes are designed in such a way that you can get the maximum information in a short span. Further, we have mentioned a step by step process of formation of Ammonia in the laboratory.

  • p block Elements Notes Class 12 – Ammonia: Industrial Preparation

After laboratory preparation, students have to learn about industrial preparation as well. The method involved is called Haber’s process named after the scientist who prepared it for the first time. Students should know how to derive Ammonia right from the initial steps, as mentioned in our revision notes.
One of the crucial parts of reading laboratory reactions is that you should know that a reaction primarily consists of two parts: reactants and products. The former takes part in the reaction and reacts with each other to form products.

  1. In case the reaction is reversible, the formed compounds can react again to form back the reactants.
  2. In case it is an irreversible reaction, you cannot get back the constituents.

Other points covered under this section in our p block Elements Class 12 NCERT Notes PDF are:

  • How Ammonia acts as a refrigerant.
  • Properties of Ammonia.
  • Few reactions where nitrogen is formed as a by-product.

Make sure go through our offered p-block Elements Class 12 PDF notes for developing clarity on these.

  • p block Elements PDF – Oxides of Nitrogen

Oxides and hydrides are the most common compounds formed by elements by reacting with Oxygen and hydrogen. However, this section focuses on oxides only. Students often confuse between the two; therefore, make sure you are clear about the basics of both to avoid confusion in the exam.
We have presented the names of most of the oxides of nitrogen in a listwise manner to help you view the same at a glance. Besides, we have cited the formula, colour and remarks for each of the oxide listed here. Read it from our p block Elements Notes and develop a stronghold on the properties of reactions.
After that, we have explained the two most basic oxides that include:

  • Nitrous oxide
  • Nitric acid

Both these oxides are then described in detail with their properties and methods of preparation. Reactions are critical in Chemistry; that is why every explanation is complimented with a response alongside. Moreover, reactions simplify the process of memorising the procedures.
You can learn the tricks from our p block Elements Class 12 PDF. We have presented the reactions one after another with suitable details top suit your understanding.

  • p block Elements Class 12 – Phosphorus

After nitrogen, the next element that you need to learn about is Phosphorus. Although it is non-reactive metal, it can catch fire in the air. You can find this metal in the form of phosphates in nature. Simply put, it does not occur in its pure form and can be found in animal bones as well.
After the basics, you have to keep in mind the following points relate to Phosphorus:

  • Allotropic forms of Phosphorus: white, black, brown and red Phosphorus.
  • Preparation of Phosphorus.
  • Properties of Phosphorus.

You can find each detail presented in our p block Elements PDF to help you understand the same more straightforwardly. We have also added diagrams wherever necessary. After that, there are chemical properties of Phosphorus that you should be careful about are:

  • Reaction with metals.
  • Reactivity in air.
  • Action on sodium hydroxide.
  • The action of concentrated nitric acid.
  • The action of concentrated sulphuric acid.

For each of these reactions, we have mentioned the necessary reactions too, alongside a brief description of the same. Simultaneous representation of explanation and diagram in our p block Elements Class 12 PDF will help in understanding as well as developing a firm grasp on the concept.

  • p block Elements Class 12 Notes – Compounds of Phosphorus

Phosphine is the most common compound of Phosphorus, and you need to study the properties and preparation of this compound in details. In your board exam, you might be asked to explain the compounds with the help of necessary equations. Hence, we have presented the properties and methods of preparation, in separate points.
In our Class 12 p block Notes, we have also incorporated equations for the reactions under the section of properties of phosphine. The following reactions are essential from the exam point of view:

  • The action of chlorine.
  • Reaction with copper sulphate.
  • Reaction with silver nitrate solution.
  • Reaction with mercuric chloride solution.

Always make sure you balance the equations appropriately. It will minimise the chances of making an error during the board exam, which might also lead to a deduction in marks.
Next, you should be fluent with the oxides of Phosphorus, which are:

  • Phosphorus trioxide.
  • Phosphorus pentoxide.

You will get a necessary explanation for these two oxides which consist of their properties and methods of preparation. Again, the equations are presented for each of the properties of these oxides. Go through our p block Elements Class 12 PDF for an elaborate explanation of the same.
We have also provided shortcut techniques to help you memorise the equations included in this chapter. It is a common scenario that students often confuse the reactions and tend to write wrong products.
Hence, we recommend you to follow the below-mentioned pointers:

  • Develop a basic understanding of the symbols of each element
  • Learn how to balance equations.

These two tips will save you committing silly mistakes in the exam. After that, you are likely to learn about oxyacids of Phosphorus that are:

  • Phosphorus acid
  • Orthophosphoric acid

In our revision notes of p block Elements Notes Class 12 PDF, you will find the topics along with their uses, properties and preparation methods. As you go through the notes, you will find it is full of equations. While it might seem intimidating at first glance, however, it is due to the presence of equations that studying the chapter becomes easier.
Therefore, it is vital to have a clear understanding of the equations before digging deeper into reactions based on various properties of the elements and also their oxides.
Out study materials on p block Elements, Class 12 PDF are thus designed to help you go through each topic at a glance and clear all your doubts quickly.

  • p block Elements Notes Class 12 – Group 16 Elements: The Oxygen Group

Until now, you were studying about the group 15 elements, and now it is group 16 elements in detail as found in the periodic table. Under this group, you will read about elements like:

  • Oxygen
  • Sulphur
  • Selenium
  • Tellurium
  • Polonium

Based on these elements, you will study the following points related to them, which are included in our p block Elements Class 12 Notes:

  • Occurrence
  • Electronic configuration
  • Atomic radii
  • Ionic radii
  • Ionisation enthalpy
  • Electron gain enthalpy
  • Electronegativity
  • Physical properties

You will also find a tabular representation of both atomic and physical properties in our p block Elements Class 12 PDF. The elements included here are the ones that are mentioned above, which belong to the group 15 of the periodic table.
Apart from these, you will also have to be clear about the following properties for sulphur as well.

  • Chemical properties of elements of group 15.
  • Anomalous behaviour of Oxygen.
  • Reactivity with Hydrogen.
  • Reaction with Oxygen.
  • Reactivity towards halogens.

As already mentioned earlier, hydrides are a vital part of a periodic table, therefore for simplifying your learning, we have added a table representing the hydrides of group 16 elements. Refer to our p block Elements Notes Class 12 for a simplified revision as it will help you to recall the properties faster and write your answers correctly in the exam.

  • p block Elements Class 12 – Group 17 Elements: The Halogen Family

It is the last section of this chapter. Group 17 elements are called halogens as they are highly reactive non-metals. The same properties as for other elements, you will need to study for these group 17 elements as well.
Take a look at our p block Elements Class 12 PDF as it will help you in understanding the difference between each element and their properties. Also, the atomic and physical properties of those elements are presented in a tabular form for you to recall the information faster.
Along with physical properties, you will also have to study the chemical properties of these group 17 elements, that are:

  • Oxidation states and trends in chemical reactivity.
  • Standard Reduction Potential (SRP).
  • Hydration energy of an element.
  • Anomalous behaviour of fluorine.
  • Reactivity towards Oxygen

Make sure you read our p block Elements Class 12 before taking your board exam, as it will help you in building on your fundamentals actively.