Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities Part A Geography NCERT Solutions for Class 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Part A – Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities – Free PDF download

CBSE Class 12 Geography
NCERT Solutions
Part A – Fundamentals of Human Geography
Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?

1. Farming
2. Trading
3. Weaving
4. Hunting

Ans.. (2) Trading

(ii) Which one of the following activities is NOT a secondary sector activity?

1. Iron smelting
2. Catching fish
3. Making garments
4. Basket weaving

Ans. (2) Catching fish

(iii) Which one the following sectors provides most of employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata?

1. Primary
2. Quaternary
3. Secondary
4. Service

Ans. (4) Service

(iv) Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as:

1. Secondary activities
2. Quaternary activities
3. Quinary activities
4. Primary activities

Ans. (2) Quaternary activities

(v) Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary sector?

1. Manufacturing activities
2. Paper and raw pulp production
3. University teaching
4. Printing books

Ans. (3) University teaching

(vi) Which one of the following statement is not true?

1. Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.
2. At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.
3. BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
4. There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.

Ans. (4) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.

2. Answer the following question in about 30 words.

(i) Explain retail trading service.

Ans. Retail trading services: It is the business activity concerned with the sales of goods directly to the consumers. Most of the retail trading take place in the fixed establishment or stores solely devoted to selling activity. But it may also take place as street peddling, handicrafts, trucks, door to door, mail order, telephone, automatic vending machines and internet, etc.

The benefits of retail trade are numerous and varied. Consumers have greater choices and inventory to choose from as well as pricing that is competitive. Retail trade gives consumers an opportunity to build relationships with businesses and acquire the items they need quickly. Disadvantages come in for small-scale retailers who struggle to compete with their larger competitors, both in terms of product assortment and pricing.

(ii) Describe quaternary services.

Ans. Quaternary services refer to intellectual occupations which are advance and specialised such as thinking, research and developing new ideas. In other words, quaternary activities center around research, development and are advanced stage of services involving specialised knowledge, technical skills, and administrative competence. It is is based on knowledge and skill. It consists of intellectual industries providing information services, such as computing, information and communication technologies, consultancy and R&D.

(iii) Name the fast emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.

Ans. Medical tourism is also an important part of quinary activities. Nearly 55,000 patients from the USA visited India in 2005 for treatment. India has emerged as the leading country in medical tourism in the world. Hospitals in India, Switzerland and Australia have been providing such services.

(iv) What is digital divide?

Ans. A digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies. The term digital divide describes in terms of access to and usage of information and communication technology. This technology can include the telephone, television, personal computer and the internet.

It typically exists between those in cities and those in rural areas; between the educated and the uneducated; between socioeconomic groups; and, globally, between the more and less industrially developed nations. Even among populations with some access to technology, the digital divide can be evident in the form of lower-performance computers, lower-speed wireless connections, lower priced connections such as dial up and limited access to subscription based content. According to recent studies and reports, the digital divide is still very much a reality today. A June 2013 U.S. White House broadband report, for example, showed that only 71% of American homes have adopted broadband, a figure lower than in other countries with comparable gross domestic product.

3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.

Ans. Significance of the service sector in modern economic development-

Significances of this sector are listed below:

(i) Share in Net National Product: At present, the service sector contributes the maximum share in country’s net national product at factor cost (national income). According to 2000-01, 48.5 % share of national income comes from service sector and moreover, 22.9% of total working population are employed in this sector.

(ii) Helps Industrialisation: The development of industries is dependent on the performance and improvement of transport, communication, electricity, banking etc. in a country. Transport system helps to carry raw materials, finished goods and labourers in their required destination. Communication helps to widen the market industrial goods. Electricity and banking services help to flourish the industries in remote areas.

(iii) Expands Agriculture: Service sector helps to develop the agricultural production by providing better network facilities. It helps to carry raw materials and finished goods from one place to another.

(iv) Removes Regional Imbalances: This sector provides a well-organised transport and communication service. It also provides sufficient banking services along with expansion of education and medical facilities in the backward regions of the country. Thus it helps to wipe out the problem of regional imbalances and disparities within the country.

(v) Growth of Market: This sector provides different types of services to both agriculture and industrial sectors. Thu: in other way, it helps to grow the proper markets for both agricultural and industrial goods finished goods as well as raw materials or semi-finished goods.

(vi) High Quality of Life: Better services in the areas of transport and communication, banking and insurance, education and health etc must help a country to pave the path for economic development by increasing the quality of life or standard of living within the country. It also helps to improve the value of HDI (Human Development Index) of a country.

(vii) Increase Productivity: This sector helps the working force by giving sufficient technical education and proper medical facilities. Moreover, a well-organised network of transport and communication system increases the mobility and informations among the workers. All these make the labourer more skillful and efficient and thus the productivity (producing capacity of a labourer) will increase simultaneously.

(viii) Rise in International Trade: A​​​​​​ well-developed service sector, specially transport, communication banking etc., helps to expand the international trade. Hence, it will also help to increase the foreign exchange reserve within the country.

Growth of the service sector in modern economic development-

Services constitute over 50% of GDP in low income countries and as their economies continue to develop, the importance of services in the economy continue to grow.The service economy is also key to growth, for instance it accounted for 47% of economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2000–2005.This means that recent economic growth in Africa relies as much on services as on natural resources or textiles, despite many of those countries benefiting from trade preferences in primary and secondary goods.As a result, employment is also adjusting to the changes and people are leaving the agricultural sector to find work in the service economy. This job creation is particularly useful as often it provides employment for low skilled labour in the tourism and retail sectors, thus benefiting the poor in particular and representing an overall net increase in employment.

The export potential of many of these products is already well understood, e.g. in tourism, financial services and transport, however, new opportunities are arising in other sectors, such as the health sector. For example:

• Indian companies who provide scanning services for US hospitals
• South Africa is developing a market for surgery and tourism packages
• India, the Philippines, South Africa and Mauritius have experienced rapid growth in IT services, such as call centers, back-office functions and software development.

(ii) Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.

Ans. Transport and communication occupy an important place in the economic and social development of a country.

Importance of Transport: A country cannot develop so fast without a developed transport system. Development of road facilitates, utilisation of natural resources that are lying unutilised in different hills, mountains, forests and mines. Transport system helps to send raw materials, fuel and machineries to different industries at right time and runs the industry.

Transport system helps to raise the production of raw materials, fuels and machineries, etc. by providing market to it. Transport system widens the size of the market. Due to selling of commodities in an extensive manner in large areas, it leads to a large-scale production. As result the industry of firm gets the advantages of large-scale production.

A developed transport system reduces regional industrial disparity by facilitating establishment of industries in backward areas, because the backward area is brought nearer to developed area with the help of a developed transport system by sending raw-materials to the backward industrial centre and by selling the products of industries in different areas.

Transport system helps to solve the problem of unemployment in rural areas by sending surplus labourers to the industries and it also solves the needs of industries. Development of transport system also leads to development of industries because transport system utilises the product of industries.

Different machineries and raw materials are supplied through roads, ships, motors, buses, trains, aeroplanes to industries. It shows that transport system of a country affects economic development of a country in different manner.

Transport system is regarded as a strong pillar to protect the people from the difficulties of war, natural calamities and other problems. transfer of military equipment, soldiers and war heads is possible only through a developed transport system during war. A developed transport system is necessary to send necessary helps to the affected people during the period of natural calamities.

Except this, transport system helps to establish relationship among different parts of the people and strengthens the feeling of unity and brotherhood among the people. Lastly it makes India one and undivided.

Importance of Communication: Communication is the medium of sending information and news. Communication system helps industrialists and business communities to take right decisions at right time by providing them information and news related with business and financial matters. It is possible to know about the price of the commodity prevailing at any part of the world in no time and also helps to operate their business according to that through communication system.

So, Communication system facilitates economic development by sending information. It is possible to change the outlook and style of living of the people according to changing conditions of the world.