CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter-8 Important Questions – Free PDF Download
Free PDF download of Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves 5 Marks Questions prepared by expert Physics teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books only by CoolGyan to score more marks in CBSE board examination.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter-8 – Electromagnetic Waves
CBSE Class 12 Physics Important Questions Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves
5 Marks Questions
1. Given below are some famous numbers associated with electromagnetic radiations in different contexts in physics. State the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which each belongs.
(a) 21 cm (wavelength emitted by atomic hydrogen in interstellar space).
(b) 1057 MHz (frequency of radiation arising from two close energy levels in hydrogen; known as Lamb shift).
(c) 2.7 K [temperature associated with the isotropic radiation filling all space-thought to be a relic of the ‘big-bang’ origin of the universe].
(d) 5890 
– 5896 [double lines of sodium]
(e) 14.4 keV [energy of a particular transition in 57Fe nucleus associated with a famous high resolution spectroscopic method
(Mossbauer spectroscopy)].
Ans. (a) Radio waves; it belongs to the short wavelength end of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(b) Radio waves; it belongs to the short wavelength end.
(c) Temperature, 
is given by Planck’s law as:
This wavelength corresponds to microwaves.
(d) This is the yellow light of the visible spectrum.
(e) Transition energy is given by the relation,
E = 
Where,
h = Planck’s constant =
= Frequency of radiation
Energy, E = 14.4 K eV
This corresponds to X-rays.
2. Answer the following questions:
(a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why?
(b) It is necessary to use satellites for long distance TV transmission. Why?
(c) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground but X-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the earth. Why?
(d) The small ozone layer on top of the stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
(e) If the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?
(f) Some scientists have predicted that a global nuclear war on the earth would be followed by a severe ‘nuclear winter’ with a devastating effect on life on earth. What might be the basis of this prediction?
Ans. (a) Long distance radio broadcasts use shortwave bands because only these bands can be refracted by the ionosphere.
(b) It is necessary to use satellites for long distance TV transmissions because television signals are of high frequencies and high energies. Thus, these signals are not reflected by the ionosphere. Hence, satellites are helpful in reflecting TV signals. Also, they help in long distance TV transmissions.
(c) With reference to X-ray astronomy, X-rays are absorbed by the atmosphere. However, visible and radio waves can penetrate it. Hence, optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, while X-ray astronomy is possible only with the help of satellites orbiting the Earth.
(d) The small ozone layer on the top of the atmosphere is crucial for human survival because it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiations present in sunlight and prevents it from reaching the Earth’s surface.
(e) In the absence of an atmosphere, there would be no greenhouse effect on the surface of the Earth. As a result, the temperature of the Earth would decrease rapidly, making it chilly and difficult for human survival.
(f) A global nuclear war on the surface of the Earth would have disastrous consequences. Post-nuclear war, the Earth will experience severe winter as the war will produce clouds of smoke that would cover maximum parts of the sky, thereby preventing solar light form reaching the atmosphere. Also, it will lead to the depletion of the ozone layer.
3. Suppose that the electric field part of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is E = {(3.1 N/C) cos [(1.8 rad/m) y + (
rad/s)t]}
.
(a) What is the direction of propagation?
(b) What is the wavelength
?
(c) What is the frequency ?
(d) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field part of the wave?
(e) Write an expression for the magnetic field part of the wave.
Ans. (a) From the given electric field vector, it can be inferred that the electric field is directed along the negative x direction. Hence, the direction of motion is along the negative y direction i.e., 
.
(b) It is given that,
…(i)
The general equation for the electric field vector in the positive x direction can be written as:
…(2)
On comparing equations (1) and (2), we get
Electric field amplitude, 
= 3.1 N/C
Angular frequency, 
Wave number, k = 1.8 rad/m
Wavelength, 
= 3.490 m
(c) Frequency of wave is given as:
(d) Magnetic field strength is given as:
Where,
c = Speed of light =
(e) On observing the given vector field, it can be observed that the magnetic field vector is directed along the negative z direction. Hence, the general equation for the magnetic field vector is written as:
4. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoid ally at a frequency of 
and amplitude 48 V
.
(a) What is the wavelength of the wave?
(b) What is the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field?
(c) Show that the average energy density of the E field equals the average energy density of the B field. [c =
]
Ans. Frequency of the electromagnetic wave, 
Electric field amplitude, 
Speed of light, c =
(a) Wavelength of a wave is given as:
(b) Magnetic field strength is given as:
(c) Energy density of the electric field is given as:
And, energy density of the magnetic field is given as:
Where,
∈0 = Permittivity of free space
= Permeability of free space
We have the relation connecting E and B as:
E = cB … (1)
Where,
… (2)
Putting equation (2) in equation (1), we get
Squaring both sides, we get
5. Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is 
= 120 N/C and that its frequency is = 50.0 MHz. (a) Determine,
(b) Find expressions for E and B.
Ans. Electric field amplitude, = 120 N/C
Frequency of source, = 50.0 MHz = 
Speed of light, c = 
m/s
(a) Magnitude of magnetic field strength is given as:
Angular frequency of source is given as:
=
Propagation constant is given as:
Wavelength of wave is given as:
(b) Suppose the wave is propagating in the positive x direction. Then, the electric field vector will be in the positive y direction and the magnetic field vector will be in the positive z direction. This is because all three vectors are mutually perpendicular.
Equation of electric field vector is given as:
And, magnetic field vector is given as:
6. A parallel plate capacitor (Fig. 8.7) made of circular plates each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a capacitance C = 100 pF. The capacitor is connected to a 230 V ac supply with a (angular) frequency of 300 rad
.
(a) What is the rms value of the conduction current?
(b) Is the conduction current equal to the displacement current?
(c) Determine the amplitude of B at a point 3.0 cm from the axis between the plates.
Ans. Radius of each circular plate,
R = 6.0 cm = 0.06 m
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor,
C = 100 pF =
Supply voltage, V = 230 V
Angular frequency, 
= 300 rad 
(a) Rms value of conduction current, I 
Where,
XC = Capacitive reactance
=
= 6.9 
Hence, the rms value of conduction current is 6.9 
(b) Yes, conduction current is equal to displacement current.
(c) Magnetic field is given as:
B 
Where,
= Free space permeability 
I0 = Maximum value of current =
r = Distance between the plates from the axis = 3.0 cm = 0.03 m
= 
Hence, the magnetic field at that point is 
7. Figure 8.6 shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and separated by 5.0 cm. The capacitor is being charged by an external source (not shown in the figure). The charging current is constant and equal to 0.15 A.
(a) Calculate the capacitance and the rate of charge of potential difference between the plates.
(b) Obtain the displacement current across the plates.
(c) Is Kirchhoff’s first rule (junction rule) valid at each plate of the capacitor? Explain.
Ans. Radius of each circular plate,
r = 12 cm = 0.12 m
Distance between the plates,
d = 5 cm = 0.05 m
Charging current,
I = 0.15 A
Permittivity of free space,
=
(a) Capacitance between the two plates is given by the relation,
C 
Where,
A = Area of each plate 
Charge on each plate, q = CV
Where,
V = Potential difference across the plates
Differentiation on both sides with respect to time (t) gives:
Therefore, the change in potential difference between the plates is 
V/s.
(b) The displacement current across the plates is the same as the conduction current. Hence, the displacement current, id is 0.15 A.
(c) Yes
Kirchhoff’s first rule is valid at each plate of the capacitor provided that we take the sum of conduction and displacement for current.