CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Chapter 11 Important Questions – Free PDF Download
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CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Important Questions Chapter 11 Psychology and Sports
2 MarkS Questions
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
(2 MARK EACH)
Q.1 What is stress ?
Ans. It is the physiological and psychological changes in the body caused by an event which create the situation of fight or flight, is called stress. Stress disturbs the normal physical or mental health of a person.
Q.2 What do you mean by anxiety ?
Ans. Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling related with uneasy fear or worry. Anxiety is a chronic fear that limits our ability to carry out normal function.
Q.3 What do you understand by coping ?
Ans. Coping is the way to deal with unfavorable situations in a better manner. It is the conscious efforts to overcome from the unsolved problem or ability to tolerate unfavorable condition.
Q.4 Define Personality.
Ans. The word personality is derived from Latin word ‘persona’ meaning ‘mask’. According to Guildford – “Personality is of an individual’s unique pattern of traits.
Q.5 Define Motivation.
Ans. The word Motivation is derived from a Latin word “movere” meaning “to change, to move”. It means it is the inner urge of an individual to achieve the goal.
Q.6 What do you mean by self-esteem.
Ans. It is a variety of believes of a person about himself/herself about appearance, belief, pride, triumph and behaviour. Self-esteem is now you value or respect yourself as a person.
Q.7 What do you understand by body – Image ?
Ans. Body Image means how a person feels and think about his/her own body. One’s body image is the resultant of ones own personal experiences.
Q.8 Write two techniques of motivation.
Ans. Motivation plays an important role in enhancement of sports performance. There are two techniques of motivation
(1) Goal Settings
(2) Positive Self talk
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3 Mark Questions
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [80 TO 90 WORDS] –
(3 MARKS EACH)
Q.1 Discuss about the types of motivation.
Or
Discuss extrinsic & intrinsic motivation in sports.
Ans. There are two types of motivation in sports
(i) Intrinsic or internal or within motivation
(ii) Extrinsic or outer or external motivation
Intrinsic Motivation – Intrinsic motivation means, motivation within individuals. It is natural. In this kind of motivation force comes from within onself. This motivation in sports can be seen as to get social approval, to display superiority, for enjoyment, satisfaction, to show mastry over skills etc. are the examples.
Extrinsic Motivation – It is known as external factor or force which compel the sportsperson to do something. It may be positive or negativen nature. Extrinsic motivation plays on important role in games and sports to enhance the performance or in acquisition of new learning. They are as reward, praise, blame, punishment or cash prize in sports.
Q.2 What do you mean by positive and negative body Image ?
Or
What are the types of body image ?
Ans. Positive body image means now we feel and look about our body in a positive and healthy image. Physical Traits are not important like thin, tall, robust etc. or how we look from outside. But it is important in positive body image, how we feel about our body and what we can do. We feel confident and comfortable in terms of our body Image. Negative body image is nothing but ones unhealthy and unpleasant feeling about himself/herself. It is related with ones desire to change his/ her body image like – shape, weight, size, etc. One doesn’t feel confident and comfortable in terms of his/her body image.
Q.3 Discuss about the effect of stress on an individual in brief.
Or
What are the positive and negative aspects of stress in games and sports.
Ans. Stress is an individual’s perception of an event. The perceptions of a stress differs from individual to individual. Stress can cause headache, allergies, cold, asthama, hypertension, backache, fatigue, diabetes, etc. The intensity of perception of stress may lead to death. It also weakens the immunity power of the body. When we fail to face stressful situation the physical symptoms like, tension in muscle, anxiety, dizziness, fast heart beat, sweating, fear, etc. can occur. The effect of stress are always not negative can be but positive also optimum level of stress may enhance the performace of a sportsman. Sports psychologists suggest that moderate dose of stress is essential for a sports man while performing.
Q.4 Write down any 3 techniques of anxiety management.
Ans. Three techniques of anxiety management are-
(i) Meditation – Meditation is the one the most ancient techniques for anxiety management. This technique is mostly used during competition time. We can sit comfortably and relax our body by using relaxing words like – ‘our’.
(ii) Stop Negative Thinking – Negative thinking like – ‘I can’t do’, ‘opponent is much more stronger’, ‘everything will go wrong’ can affect the performance of a sports person use should always think positive like – ‘I can do’ or ‘we can do better’ for anxiety management.
(iii) Switch over the situation – When we feel anxiety we should change or switch over from the disturbed state. We should talk with our team mates, should read motivational books, should talk with coach or listen music.
Q.5 What are the types of stress ?
Ans. Stress is body’s response to an event or situation which are produced by physiological and psychological changes in the body stress is of two types-
(i) Acute Stress – This type of stress can be seen commonly in day to day life. In sports running and doing excercises are considered as an acute stress. Horse riding, riding on a roller-coaster is an example of acute stress. But these stresses are followed by a pleasant feeling. This kind of stress is very important for games and sports.
(ii) Chronic Stress – If a stressful situation continues over a long period of time, it is called chronic stress. It is just opposite from acute stress. It affects the performance of a sportsman, like – memory loss, deteriorated reflexes, psychosomatic disorder, physiological unbalance, etc.
Q.6 How can one learn to manage stressful situations through games and sports.
Or
Write any three techniques to mange stress.
Ans.
. 
(i) Recreational Activities – Through participation in games and sports or recreational activities use can avoid the stress. Aerobic excercises are very helpful for reducing stress. Through participation in games and sports our body releases some syndromes which helps to reduce stress.
(ii) Outdoor Activity – Outdoor activities are like camping trekking rock climbing are the best examples for stress management. These activities are helpful to learn new skills to handle stressful situations of life.
(iii) Relaxation Technique – Through participation in games and sports we can relax our body and mind. There are other techniques of relaxation in games and sports like – deep breathing, massage, pranayam, etc.
Q7. What are the factors influencing body image and self-esteem.
Ans.
Following are the factors influencing body image and self-esteem- The body type or physical traits of an individual is the most important factor which influence the body image and self esteem. Most of the teenagers specially girls want to loose weight and be thinner where as the boys want to be tall and have more muscles. Sometimes family members may critisize about their body image which affects the self-esteem.
Post experiences, like due to natural aging process, we name different feelings about are body and self esteem. Psychological factors like motivation, personality, interest, attitude, emotions, conflicts, learning skills affect the body image.
Through participation in games and sports use can develop our physical fitness, psychological development, social and mental development which helps to improve our body image and self-esteem.
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5 Marks Questions
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (150 TO 200 WORDS) –
(5 MARKS EACH)
Q.1 What are the coping strategies used in games & sports?
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Through participation in games & sports one learns to cope up with day to day life. Discuss.
Or
What are problem focused coping strategies and emotion focused coping strategies.
Ans. Through participation in physical education and sports one become capable to come out from various self created problems, Environmental (Surrounding) created problem and various psychological and physiological stain.
There are two type of coping strategies –
1. Problem focused strategies –
While participating in games & sports a sports person faces different types of situation with their team – mates coach surrounding. Problem focusing strategies depends upon the level of adjustment of individual to individual Its aim is to change or eliminate the source of stress.
2. Emotion focused coping strategies:-
These strategies are directly related with the sportsman’s feeling, or negative thought linked with stress as anxiety, fear, excitement, trustration, depression. By using these strategies one become capable to tackle the feeling of distress.
Through participation in games and sports we can develop the individual qualities as physical development, mental development physical fitness, cultural development leadership qualities, Healthy & safety habits, Democratic value, construction of leisure time, creativity, economic values, mental relaxation, national integration, citizen qualities, character development, personal adjustment, which helps to cope up with day to day life.
Q.2 What are the types of personalities and explain one of them with it’s importance in physical education and sports.
Ans. The word personality is derived from a latin word ‘persona’, which means ‘mask’. Personality is a by product of psychological, sociological and physical traits of an individual. Personality is nothing but cognition, motivation, emotions and behavior of an individual in different situations.
There are following types of personalities in games and sports
1. Endomorphic – A person of such personality is flokky, soft fat, happy, outgoing, rolly polly and who are found to fool easy going, slow in reaction and sociable. It is also called eiscerotonic. In games and sports these type of personality can prove better in strength dominant sports.
2. Mesomorphic – A person of such personality having well developed body, assertic, athletic build, bold and risk taking who is adventurous courageous and having a linking with physical activity. It is also called somatotomic. In games e’ sports these type of personality can prove better in team games, like football, hockey etc.
Ectomorphic – A person of such personality having weak and delicate body type. They are reserve, anxious pessimistic, studious, tense, introvert. This also called cerbrotonic.
In games and sports these type of personality can prove better in endurance dominant sports, like – athletics. At last you can say that these types of personalities have great importance in games and sports to chose and perform in different sports activities.
Q.3 How motivation of a sports person affect games and sports and how games and sports can influence one’s motivation.
Or
What is the importance of motivation is games and sports?
Ans. Excellence in sports cannot be achieved overnight. In games and sports an athelete has to face many challenges such as psychological pressure, fatigue, stress – strain, mood disturbances. It is only highly motivated athelete who perform their best at the time of competition. It can beshown in the form of an equation –
Learning + Motivation = Performance
Only learning of tactics, techniques, physical training are not adequate to perform in a competition. Study shows that in games sports motivation is a prominent factor which energies and direct the performance motivation help in setting the goal and helps in channelising their energy to achieve these goals. It can be intrinsic or extrinsic kind of motivation like-reward, price, blame cash prize, enjoyment, satisfaction or to show mastery own skill.
It is very important for the coach to know, what will motivate his/her sports person to take part in games and sports in the first step towards effective performance. There are several factors which effect the performance of athelete but its only motivation which gives shape to the performance.
Optimum level of motivation is essential for effective performance. But such level of motivation differs from person to person.
For eg- If an athelete is well motivated, but he need a systematic and scientific programme to direct his/her motivation. At last we can say optimum motivation can effect games and sports and through participation in games influence the motivation of an athelete.
Q.4 What are the dimensions of personality?
Ans. There are four dimensions of personality in games and sports.
Physical dimension – The word physical itself the meaning of body structure or the physique as the primary aspect of humour personality here duty has a very important sole for the development of this aspect of personality. But appropriate environment is also required for development of this dimension physical dimension of personality means how we look, height, weight, etc.
Mental and intellectual dimension – A person is known by his mind and body and cannot survive effectively in absence of one part. How we react and response quickly to any situation or event in games and sports, entirely depends upon our mental and intellectual dimension of personality. It help in learning new skills, adjust in new circumstances.
Social dimension – An individual lakes part in games and sports to satisfy or gain social value like status power, affection inherent attitude, tendency, interest and capabilities. He has to modify his behaviour to follow the rules, customs and tradition of society.
Emotional dimension – Emotions play a great role in games and sports. Emotions are personal in nature and differ in nature from person to person. Every child responses differently as they have different emotions. The above dimension of personality helps to select different sports according to their nature, built, temperament etc.
Q.5 How one’s personality can be developed through participation in games & sports.
Or
“Games and sports have a major Impact on one’s personality” Discuss.
Ans. Personality is nothing but the way we look, the way we talk, the way we walk, our appearance, the way we adjust, the way we think, the way we handle situations.
Through participation in games and sports or regular exercise we can develop the components of physical fitness like – strength, speed, endurance, feasibility and coordinative ability.
Through participation in games and we learn to coordinate the muscular and neruous system, we learn quick and effective movement with athelete heart and efficient respiratory system function all the internal organs become efficient and smoothly.
Through participation in games and sports, we warm the skill, rules, techniques and strategies and how to interpretate them in a new situation effectively. We learn healthy habits which improve mental development. We learn how to handle our emotions in different situations.
Through games and sports we develop the social qualities of an individual like-adjustment, cooperation, leadership, respect, national integration, discipline, determination. Hence we can say that games & sports play a vital role in personality development of an individual.
Q.6 What are the techniques of motivation which helps to enhance the performance of an athelete in games & sports.
Ans. In games and sports performance does not depends upon a single factor. The performance of an athelete directly depends upon his/her coach, the environment in which he or she took training, his personal and social dimension, and the most important factor is motivation.
Following are the techniques used in games & sports by an athelete and his/her coach.
In games and sports the technique used by an athelete is of two types – Internal and external. In internal is techniques he/she set their goals, display superiority, show mastery our the skill and satisfaction. He/she is well motivated by reward, praise.
The most important factor in games and sports is coach the whole training and coaching revalues around the coach. Coach must know his/ her athelete, athelete’s background, their attitude, past experiences and individual differences. He must act as a motivator.
External factors like competition, proper equipment, well maintained environment like grounds, fields, court play an important motivation techniques in games & sports. scholarship and social recognition like Arjun award, Dronacharya award etc. are motivation techniques to motivate an athelete at national and international level. The above techniques are very helpful in motivating sportspersons.
Q7. What are the Psychological benefits of exercises?
Or
How a sportsperson becomes psychologically strong through participations in games and sports?
Ans. Psychology is directly related with the behaviour of the sportsperson. Through participation in games and sports or doing exercises benefits the sportsperson in following ways:-
Mainly we are discussing here the psychological benefits of games & sports. When we start participating in games and sports, we learn body awareness Coordination, Body control and balancing sense and it builds our body image, confidence and increases our self-esteem. One gets to know about his/her abilities and capabilities and starts setting his/her goals in games and sports. Through participation in games & sports, one learns to manage stressful situations and anxiety. Doing exercises and preparing for competitions, one becomes mentally tough, gains positive attitude and gets motivated for competition.
After losing or running, a sportsman learns to cope up with different kinds of situations. Through participation in games & sports one learn how to rehabilitate after the injury. These are the psychological benefits of exercises for a sportsman while competing and also help a person lead a healthy and normal life.