CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter-5 Popular Struggles and Movements – Free PDF Download
Free PDF download of Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter 5 – Popular Struggles and Movements prepared by expert Political Science teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books only by CoolGyan to score more marks in CBSE board examination.
CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter-5 Popular Struggles and Movements Important Questions
CBSE Class 10 Political Science Important Questions Chapter 5 – Popular Struggles and Movements
5 Mark Questions
1. Compare the struggle of Nepal and Bolivia?
Ans. 1. The Movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected, democratic government
2. Nepal faced the foundational challenge of democracy while Bolivia faced the Challenge of Expansion.
3. In both cases the struggle involved mass mobilization and public demonstration of mass support clinched the dispute.
4. Both instances involved critical role of political organizations. In Nepal SPA played a major role for the restoration of democracy while in Bolivia FEDECOR played a major role.
5. Both these struggles were successful in achieving their objectives but their impact was different at different levels.
2. What do you understand by Kittiko-Hachchiko? When and why Kittiko-Kichchiko movement was launched in Karnataka?
Ans. Kittiko-Hachchiko means pluck and plant.
1. In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka Pulpwood limited.
2. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this company for 40 years.
3. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing land for their cattle.
4. However the company began to plant eucalyptus tree on this land, which could be used for making paper pulp.
5. In 1987, a movement Kittiko-Hachchiko started a non-violent protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of trees that were useful to the people.
3. In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka pulpwood limited. About 30000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus tree on this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non violent protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plant and planted saplings of trees that were useful to the people. Suppose you belong to any of the following groups, what arguments would you put forward to defend your side: (a) a local farmer (b) an environment(c) a government official working in this company (d) just a consumer of a paper?
Ans. a). As a local Farmer: We would have joined farmers and formed a farmer’s organization. We would meet the concern Minister of the Government of Karnatka with a request that the land belong to farmers and they should not deprived of their common land. Otherwise we will give our vote to that party who will consider our demands.
b). As an Environmental Activist: Being environmental activist, we would have take our processions, followed by demonstrations to draw the attention of the government and forced the government to cancel the contract with company.
c). As a Government official: Being part of the government we will try to convince the farmers and other organizations that it will create more jobs for them, this is helpful for the development of our country.
d). As a consumer of paper: We would request to the government that the land allotted to the company should be cancelled and be given to the local farmers. The farmers will use the land to grow such plants as would provide raw material for paper industry.
4. How far is the influence of pressure groups healthy and useful? Explain.
Ans. 1. It may initially appear that it is not healthy to have groups that promote interests of one section and have influence in democracy. A democracy must look after the interest of all, not just of one section.
2. The pressure groups wield power without responsibility. Political parties have to face the people in elections, but these groups are not accountable to the people.
3. Some time pressure groups with small public support but lot of money can exert influence on public discussion in favour of their narrow agenda.
4. The Groups helps in deepen the democracy. Government can often come under undue pressure from a small class of powerful people.
5. The public interest groups and movements perform a useful role of countering this undue influence and reminding the government to the need and concerns of ordinary citizens.
5. Describe the features of popular mass struggle for restoring democracy in Nepal.
Ans. 1. Nepal became a constitutional Monarchy in 1990 by which king remained the head of the state and the real power was exercised by popularly elected representatives.
2. King Birendra accepted this transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy was killed in a mysterious massacre to the royal family in 2001.
3. In February 2005, the king Gyanindra, dismissed the then Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament.
4. All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance and called for a four day strike in Kathmandu, the country’s capital.
5. This protest soon turned into an indefinite strike in which MAOIST insurgents and various organizations join hands.
6.The leaders of the movement rejected the half hearted concessions made by the king. They stuck to their demands for restoration of parliament, power to an all party government and a new constituent assembly.
7. On 24th April 2006, the last day of ultimatum, the king was forced to concede all three demands.
8. The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new Prime Minister of the interim government. The restored parliament met and passed laws taking away most of the powers of the king.
6. Describe the features of the popular struggle against the privatization of water in Bolivia.
Ans. 1. Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America. The World Bank pressurized the government to give up its control of municipal water supply.
2. The government sold these rights for the city of Cochabamba to a multi-national company.
3. The company immediately increased the price of water by four times. This led to a spontaneous popular protest.
4. In January 2000, a new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders organized a successful four day general strike in the city.
5. The protest against water privatization in Bolivia was led FEDECOR.
6.The power of the people forced the officials of MNC to flee the city and made the government concede to all the demands of the protesters.
7. The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates. This came to be known as Bolivia’s water war.
7. List out the organizations involved in the mass upsurge of the Nepal’s struggle for democracy
Ans. 1. All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and called for four day strike in Kathmandu.
2. The protest was joined by the Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist) which did not believe in parliamentary democracy.
3. The struggle involved many organizations other than political parties. All the major labour unions and their federations joined the movement.
4. Many other organizations like organizations of the indigenous people, teachers, lawyers and human rights groups extended support to the movements.
8. How are popular struggles integral to the working to the democracy? Explain with an example of Bolivia’s struggle against privatization of water.
Ans. 1. Popular struggles are integral part of democracy. These are very help full for the expansion of democracy.
2. The importance of popular struggle in a democracy can be understood from the example of Bolivia’s water war. People were dissatisfied with the decision of the government of giving up of control over municipal water supply and subsequent hike in water tax imposed by the multinational corporation.
3. This led to spontaneous popular protests as the water cost began to make a dent in the household budget of the citizens.
4. An alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders organized a four day strike which was called off the government agreed to negotiate.
5. It was due to such protest by the people that the MNC contract was cancelled and the municipal water supply was restored to old rates represent courts.
9. Explain the negative impact of pressure groups, interest groups and movements in politics.
Ans. 1. These promote interest of one section.
2. These weaken the basic structure of democracy because mostly they work for a particular group or issue whereas a democracy must look after the interests of all not just of one section.
3. These groups wield power without responsibility. Political parties have to face the people in election, but these groups are not accountable to the people.
4. Pressure groups and movements may not get their funds and support from people. Sometimes, pressure groups with small public support but lots of money can hijack public discussion in favour of their narrow agenda.
5. Some time these pressure groups can create political instability.
10. Highlight the positive impact of pressure groups, interest groups and movements in politics.
Ans. 1. Pressure groups and movements have deepened democracy.
2. Putting pressure on the rulers is not an unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.
3. Public interest groups and movements perform a useful role of countering the undue influence or rich and powerful and reminding the government of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.
4. Even the sectional interest groups play a valuable role. Where different groups function actively, no single group can achieve dominance over society.
5. If one group brings pressure on government to make policies in its favour, another will bring counter pressure not to make policies in the way the first group desire.