CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter-5 Popular Struggles and Movements – Free PDF Download
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CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter-5 Popular Struggles and Movements Important Questions
CBSE Class 10 Political Science Important Questions Chapter 5 – Popular Struggles and Movements
3 Mark Questions
1. What are public interest groups? How do they look after the public interests?
Ans. A public interest group is a group that promotes the interests of the people of the society. There interests can be of a particular section of the society or of the entire society in general. Their activities benefit the entire society and not just a particular section of the society.
II Part
1. They organize meetings and try to gain the public support for their cause.
2. They try to influence the media by drawing its attention to their issues.
3. They sometimes organized strikes and dharnas to voice their interests.
E.g. Bolivia organization FEDECOR and government employees movement called BAMCEF are some examples of public interest group.
2. What are sectional interest groups? How do they watch their interests?
Ans. Sectional interest groups refer to the interest groups that seek to promote the interest of a particular section or a group of society. Trade unions, business associations and professional bodies (lawyers, doctors, teachers etc.) are some examples of sectional interest groups—
Part- II
1. They aim to help groups other than their own members for example a group fighting against bonded labour fights not for itself but for those who are suffering under such bondage.
2. Some times these organization represents the common or general interest of the society.
3. They also exert pressure on the government to meet their demands.
3. Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a domestic govt.?
Ans. 1. Pressure groups performs a useful role in countering the under influence of rich and powerful people on the govt.
2. Pressure groups remind the govt. of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.
3. Different pressure groups put pressure on the govt. for making policies in their favor and against.
This lets the govt. know about what different sections of population want.
4. What were the causes of Bolivia’s water war?
Ans. 1) In the city of Cochabamba, the control of water supply was in the hands of te municipality. The people used this service at reasonable price.
2) Under the pressure of international institution World Bank, the Bolivian Government sold the rights of supply of water to a MNC.
3) After taking hold of water supply, the Multinational Company hiked the prices by about four times.
4) Due to hike in the prices of water the people raised their voice against the decision of Government.
5. Which three conclusions can be drawn out of the Movement of Nepal and the struggle of Bolivia?
Ans. 1) Democracy evolves through popular struggles. Howe ever some decisions may take place through consensuses and may not involve any conflict at all.
2) Movements are usually involving a struggle between power exercising groups and those who aspire for a share in power.
3) Movement’s takes place when the country is going through transition to democracy or expansion of democracy or deepening of democracy.
6. Explain three different types of pressure Groups?
Ans. 1) Sectional Interest Groups: The represent a section of society- workers, employees, business persons, industrialists, followers of a religion, caste groups etc. Their principal concern is the betterment and well being of their members and not the society in general.
2) Promotional or Public interest Groups: They promote collective rather than selective goods. They aim to help groups other than their own members.
3) Movement Groups: These are issue specific that seek to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame.
7. Elaborate any three effective ways in which the pressure groups and movement influence the politics of a country.
Ans. 1) Pressure groups and movements try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activities by carrying out information campaigns, organizing meetings, filing petitions.
2) They often organize protest activity like strikes or disrupt government programs.
3) Most of these groups often try to influence media into giving more attention to these issues.
8. Who was the leader of The Green Belt Movement? What were the reasons of his disappointment?
Ans. Wangari Maathai was the leader of Green Belt Movement in Kenya. He was disappointed by the response of government official and politicians. The responses of the government are following:
1. The corrupt government officials were responsible for much of the deforestation by illegally selling of land and trees to well connected developers.
2. He rights and lives of many Kenyans in the Rift valley were lost when elements of President Denial’s Government encouraged ethnic communities to attack one another over land.
3. Supporters of the ruling party got the land while those in the pro-democracy movement were displaced.
9. Explain the role of sectional interest groups in bringing the balance of power in a society?
Ans. 1. The sectional interest groups play a valuable role. Where different groups function actively, no one single group can achieve dominance over society.
2. If one group brings pressure on government to make policies in its favour, another will bring counter pressure not to make policies in the first group desires.
The government gets to hear about what different sections of the population want. This leads to a rough balance of power and accommodation of conflicting interests
10. Elaborate the different ways by which President denial Arap Moi’s Government retain the power.
Ans. 1. In the early 1990’s the livelihood , the rights and even the lives of many Kenyans in the Rift Valley were lost when elements of president Danial’s government encouraged ethnic communities to attack one another over land.
2. The corrupt government officials were responsible for much of the deforestation by illegally selling of land and trees to well connected developers.
3. Supporters of the ruling party got the land while those in the pro-democracy movement were displaced.
11. When was RTI passed in India? Explain.
Ans. 1) The RTI Act was passed and implemented in India in 2005.
2) The RTI Act, 2005 is a land mark legislation passed by Indian parliament.
3) Many democratic governments provide the Right to Information to the citizens.
4) Under this Act, citizens can seek information from the government offices pertaining to different activities.
12. If water is not supplied regularly in your colony what will you do, and what kind of groups will you form to help people of your colony? What values you would learn?
Ans. 1. If water is not supplied regularly in our colony we will try to raise the issue with the concerned authority. We will form a sectional interest group and try to raise the specific issue through organizing dhranas, rallies and protest moves to bring the problem in the notice of the concerned authorities.
2. We will learn the following Values:
– Democratic value to form Associations
– Togetherness to fight against injustice
13. Who were Maoists? What was their contribution the movement for democracy in Nepal?
Ans. Maoists: Those communists who believe in the ideology of Mao, the leader of the Chinese Revolution. They seek to over throw the government through an armed revolution so as to establish the rule of the peasants and workers.
1) Maoist insurgents joined the strikes which were led by SPA against the king.
2) The protest was joined by the Nepalese Communist Party (Maoists) which did not believe in parliamentary democracy.
14. How do struggle and movements shape democracy? Explain.
Ans. 1) They are the principal means of public participation in politics.
2) The shape democracy on the basis of popular demands.
3) The can be analyzed initially in the forms of organization and movements.
4) Sometimes, the take the forms of pressure groups interest groups.
15. Write any three differences between a pressure groups and a movement.
Ans. 1) Pressure group has a strong organization but movement has a loose organization.
2) Decision making in pressure groups is formal but informal in case of Movement.
3) Pressure groups are only accountable to its members but not accountable in case of Movement.
4) Pressure groups depend on the participation of its members but movements depend much more on the spontaneous mass participation.
16.What is single issue movement? How does it differ from a long term movement? Explain with an example.
Ans. 1) Single Issue movement is a movement of specific nature that seeks to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame. It is also known as short term movement.
2) Single Issue Movement can be contrasted with long term movement which is more general or generic movement that seeks to achieve a broad goal in the very long term.
3) For example environment movement is a liable for a large number of organizations and issue specific movements.
17. Explain the different forms of relationship between Pressure Groups and Political Parties?
Ans. Following are two different forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties.
1) Direct Form: Pressure groups are formed by political parties. Usually pressure groups are formed by the leaders of the political parties. They are also extended arms of the political parties. For example: Trade unions, Student organizations etc.
Political parties evolve from pressure groups. Some political parties also come from Pressure groups. The evolution of Assam Gana Parishad is from a student organization, AASU.
2) Indirect Form: Pressure Groups and political parties opposed to each other. But in most cases the relationship between two is not very direct because the main aim of pressure groups is to pressurize the ruling political party.
18. State any two different ways of participating in a struggle.
Ans. Following are the ways:
1) Direct participation: In this people try to influence the decision in a democracy by directly participating in active politics. For example by casting vote.
2) Indirect participation: In this people try to voice their interests by forming organizations and influence the government policies without sharing the political power in an indirect way.
19. List out the main features of the popular struggle of Nepal to establish the foundation of democracy?
Ans. 1) Democracy evolves through popular struggle. Democracy does not mean no conflicts or disputes. The story of Nepal is going through transition to democracy.
2) Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilization. Conflict in Nepal was solved by the people.
3) These conflicts and mobilization are based on new political organizations. SPA in Nepal and other organizations were behind the struggle for democracy.
20. How the deep disputes are resolved in the democracy?
Ans. The deep disputes of democracy rises when the existing institutions like Parliament and Judiciary themselves get involved in the disputes. For this disputes the resolution has to come from outside, from the people, i.e. political organizations and spontaneous public participation.
But the spontaneous public participation becomes effective with the help of organized politics. These include political parties, pressure groups and movement groups.
21. Is the influence of mobilization and movement groups healthy?
Ans. Initially it appears that the influence of mobilization and movement groups is not healthy for democracy:
1) Both these are instances of political conflict that led to popular struggles.
2) In both cases the struggle involved mass mobilization. Public demonstration of mass support clinched the disputes.
3) Finally both instances involved critical role of political organization.
22.Mention any three forms of Pressure Groups in Politics?
Ans. 1) Some political parties form pressure groups because they want to increase their influence in the public. Many Farmer and student organizations are set up by the political parties with same motive.
2) Some political parties formed out of pressure groups. In case of long struggle for their causes, the pressure groups take the shape of political parties.
3)Some time political parties and pressure groups have different and conflicting views and ideas. They are in opposition to each other.
23. Explain any two indirect ways, through which an ordinary citizen can influence politics?
Ans. 1) Pressure Groups: An ordinary citizen can influence politics by making himself a part of pressure groups. Pressure groups are organizations that attempt to influence government policies. These organizations do not control or share political power. These organizations are formed when people with common occupation, interest, aspirations or opinions come together in order to achieve a common objective. These pressure groups gain public support and try to influence politics through protest and strikes. Some pressure groups are the extended arms of political groups.
2) Movements: Movements are another way to influence politics. The Movements of Restoration of Democracy in Nepal and Bolivia’s Water War are the examples to influence the politics by an ordinary man. Movements include demonstration strikes and protests. Movements also gain public support and try to influence politics.
24. What are unique features of Movements?
Ans. 1) Movement groups seek to exert influence on the policies of the government.
2) They do not aim to attain power in the government, but however, they work for the common objective of the masses.
3) They have a loose organizations and their decision making process is very informal and flexible.
4) Some movements are long term and some are short term movements.
5) The success of movements depends upon the participation of public.
25. In spite of some of differences in the story of Nepal and Bolivia share some similarities. Explain any three of them.
Ans. 1) Following are some of the common features of the popular struggle in Nepal and Bolivia:
2) Both of these are instances of political conflict that led to struggles.
3) In both cases, the struggle involves mass mobilization. Public demonstration of mass support.
4) Both cases involved the critical role of political organization.
26. What are pressure groups? How are they formed? Explain.
Ans. Pressure groups are organizations that attempt to influence government policies. Pressure groups promote the interest of their members or a section of society. These groups influence the government policy without any responsibility towards the people.
Pressure Groups are formed when people with common occupation, interest, aspiration or opinion come together in order to achieve a common objective.
27. What was SPA? What were the demands of SPA?
Ans. SPA is Seven Party Alliance. This alliance included the seven bug parties that had some members in the parliament. Following were its three demands
1) Restoration of parliament.
2) Power to all-party government.
3) A new constituent assembly.
28. ‘Sometimes political parties grow out of Movement.’ Explain.
Ans. 1) There are many instances when these movements give birth to a political party.
2) For example, when the Assam Movement led by students against the foreigners came to an end, it led to the formation of Asom gana parishad.
3) The roots of parties like the DMK and AIDMK in Tamil Nadu can be traced to a long drawn social reform movement during the 1930s and 1940s.
29. Who are Maoists? What was the main aim of democracy movement launched in Nepal in 2004?
Ans. 1) Those communists who believe in the ideology of Mao, the leader of the Chinese Revolution. They seek to over throw the government through an armed revolution so as to establish the rule of the peasants and workers.
2) Maoist insurgents joined the strikes which were led by SPA against the king.
3) The protest was joined by the Nepalese Communist Party (Maoists) which did not believe in parliamentary democracy.
30. How would you explain the features of Movement?
Ans. 1) Movement groups seek to exert influence on the policies of the government.
2) They do not aim to attain power in the government, but however, they work for the common objective of the masses.
3) They have a loose organizations and their decision making process is very informal and flexible.
4) Some movements are long term and some are short term movements.
5) The success of movements depends upon the participation of public.
31. Explain the impact of pressure groups, interest groups and movements on political parties.
Ans. 1) Interest groups and movements do not directly engage in party politics, they seek to exert influence on political parties.
2) Most of political parties take agenda from these organizations. Most of the movement groups take political stance without being a party.
3) They have political ideology and political position on major issues. The relationship between political parties and pressure groups can take different forms, some direct and other very indirect.
32. How far it is correct to say that pressure groups, interest groups are the extended arms of political parties?
Ans. 1) The pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties.
2) They also act as extended arms of political parties.
3) For example, most trade unions and students’ organizations in India are either established by or affiliated to one or other major political parties.
4) Most of the leaders of such pressure groups are usually activist and leaders of same political party.
33. How are pressure groups, interest groups helpful in raising the public issues?
Ans. 1) They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information campaigns, organizing meetings, file petitions etc.
2) Most of these groups try to influence the mass media into giving more attention to these issues.
3) They often organize protest activities like strike or disrupt government programs.
34. Write in brief about the Nepal’s second movement for democracy in Nepal
Ans. 1. The Nepal movement took place in April 2006 which was aimed at restoring democracy.
2. The Nepalese king Birendra had accepted massacre of the royal family in 2001.
3. The new king Gyanendra refused to accept the democratic rule.
4. In February 2005 the king dismissed the P.M. and devolved the popularity elected parliament.
5. In against of the dismissed of P.M. all the major parties in the parliament formed SPA and called for a fear days strike in Katmandu.
6. This strike turned into an indefinite strike after the involvement of Maoist with 3 to 5 lakh people.
7. On 24th April 2006, the king was forced to concede the demand of people. The SPA chore Girija Prasad Koirala as the new P.M. of the interim govt.
35. Is the influence of pressure groups and movements healthy in a democracy?
Ans. Yes, putting pressure on the rulers is not an unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as every one gets this opportunity because –
1. A democracy must look after the interest of all not just one section.
2. These groups help the people of a particular section to voice their interest a demands.
3. Two pressure groups of different ideology helps in maintaining a balance between the demands of various groups in the society.
4. Pressure groups and movements have deepened democracy in the world. Thus some people maycriticized the role of these groups as these groups promote the interest of their sections and notaccountable to the people in general.
36. Discuss the brief the popular struggle of Bolivia
Ans. 1. Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America the world bank pressurized the government to give up its control of municipal water supply.
2. The govt. sold these tights for the city of Cochabamba to a MNC.
3. The MNC immediately increased the price of water by four times.
4. Many people received water bills of Rs- 1000 where as their average monthly income was Rs. 5000/month.
5. In January 2000 a new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders organized a successfulour days general strike in the city and the govt. agreed to negotiate. Yet nothing happened.
6. The agitation started again in February but the police restored to brutal repression.
7. Another strike followed in April and the govt. imposed martial law.
8. But the power of the people forced the officials of the MNC and the govt. to concede to all the demandsof the protesters.
9. Finally the contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality atold rates.
37. What are the characteristics of pressure groups.
Ans. 1. Universal Character
2. Organized body.
3. Having influence on the public policies.
4. Lack of responsibility.
5. Non partism
6. Extra constitutional organization.