CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter-3 Democracy and Diversity – Free PDF Download
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CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter-3 Democracy and Diversity Important Questions
CBSE Class 10 Political Science Important Questions Chapter 3 – Democracy and Diversity
3 Mark Questions
1. Give example to prove that social divisions of one kind or another exist in most of countries.
Ans. 1) India is famous for its diversity.
2) Even the Muslim countries are divided in to shias and Sunies.
3) Countries like Germany and Sweden which are considered homogeneous societies are undergoing rapid change because of migration from other parts of world. Thus social division exists in all parts of the world.
2. Give examples of people belonging to different social groups sharing differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of countries.
Ans. 1) Johan Carlos and Tommie Smith of US were Black Americans.
2) They were similar and but different from Peter Norman who was white from Australia.
3) But they were all athlete who stood up against racial discrimination.
3. Explain the main problem of Northern Ireland.
Ans. 1) The main problem was between Catholics and Protestants of Ireland.
2) In North Ireland Protestants were 53 and Catholics were 44%.
3) This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties.
4) Protestants were represented by Unionists.
5) Violent clashes were started between them.
4. What did the African American athlete do in order to draw international attention to Black poverty in the Mexico Olympics?
Ans. 1) The two athletes were Tommy Smith and Johan Carlos of US.
2) They received their gold and bronze medal at the Mexico City wearing black socks and no shoes to represent black poverty.
3) They stood with clenched fists and black gloves symbolizing black poverty and head bowed when the American national anthem was being played.
5. Who was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement? Describe the importance of this movement.
Ans. 1) Martin Luther King Junior was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
2) He started a reform movement to abolish legal and racial discrimination against African Americans.
3) He used non violent method to protest.
6. Explain with examples different forms of social diversity.
Ans. 1) The social differences can be overlapping and cross-cutting in nature.
2) The differences between Blacks and whites become a social division when blacks are found to be poor, racially discriminated and homeless.
3) If social difference cross cut one another it is difficult for groups to get pitted against one another. Example, In Netherlands, class and region cross cut each other. Catholics and Protestants are equally rich or poor in that country.
7. Describe the idea of overlapping differences with examples.
Ans. 1) Over lapping differences includes when some social differences overlaps with other differences.
2) Situation of this kind produce social divisions, when one kind of social differences becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to different communities.
In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless and often face injustice and discrimination
8. Describe the idea of cross cutting differences with examples.
Ans. 1) If social differences cross-cut one another, it is difficult to pi group of people against the other.
2) It means those groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be on different sides on a different issue.
3) Cross cutting difference are easier to accommodate.
9. Explain the negative impact of social division on politics?
Ans. 1) Democracy involves completion among various political parties. Their competition tends to divide any society.
2) If they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions, it can make social divisions into political divisions and led to conflict violence or even disintegration of a country.
3) For example-Northern Ireland of the United Kingdome have been for many years the sites of a violent and bitter ethno political conflict.
10. Explain the positive impact of social division on politics?
Ans. 1) Every expression of social division in politics does not lead to disasters.
2) Social divisions of some or the other kind do exist in every society of the world and are reflected in politics.
3) In democracy it is only natural that political parties would talk about these divisions, make different promises to different communities, look after due representation of various communities and policies to redress the grievance of disadvantages communities.
11. Do all social differences lead to social divisions?
Ans. No, all social differences do not lead to divisions. Social divisions of some or the other kind do exist in every society of the world and are reflected in politics. In Democracy it is only natural that political parties talk of these divisions, make different promises to different communities, look after due representation of various communities and make polices to redress the grievances of disadvantaged communities.
12. How have social divisions resulted in a violent and bitter ethno political conflict in Northern Ireland?
Ans. 1) Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom has been for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict.
2) Its population is divided into major sects of Christianity. 53% population is of Protestants and 44% population is of Catholics.
3) This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties who demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the republic of Ireland, a predominant Catholic country.
4) Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with UK, which is predominant Protestants.
13. Do you agree that most of the social differences are based on birth?
Ans. Yes, it is true that most of the social difference originates by nature and we can say that most of the social differences are based on birth; we cannot choose the community in which we will have to take birth. We belong to that community in which we are born. People don’t have any choice in setting their physical features like height, colour gender etc. These are not their choice but these differences are given by nature. But all the differences are not given by nature. Person can choose many things himself which become a base if differences.
14. Have you ever heard about the homogeneous society? What is it?
Ans. 1) The homogeneous society is that society whose people are of same kind and where there is no value of ethnic differences.
2) It means that society, whose members are similar from the point of view of caste, religion, language, culture etc.
3) In Such type of societies there are no ethnic or social differences.
15. Who is African –Americans?
Ans. 1) African Americana are persons in the United States of America whose ancestors were from Africa.
2) A majority of them were transported to America as slaves during the trans-Atlantic slave trade between 1565 and 1807.
3)Some sources estimate that as many as sixty million Africans were brought as slaves to America at that time.
16. Who was the leader of the civil Rights Movement in USA? Explain the importance of this movement?
Ans. 1) Martin Luther King Junior was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
2) The movement refers to a set of events and reforms. It aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination against African Americans.
3) The movement practiced non violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory law and practice.
17. Explain the causes of social division?
Ans. 1) Social divisions of one kind or another exist in most countries of the world.
2)Social differences are mostly based on accident of birth. Normally we don’t choose to belong to our community. We belong to it simply because we were born into it.
3) Some of the differences are based on our choice. Most of us choose what to study, which occupation to take up.
4) Every social difference does not lead to social division. Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite very different people.
18. “The outcome of politics of social divisions depends on how people perceive their identities”. Explain the statement.
Ans. 1) The combination of politics and social division is very dangerous and explosive. In democracy many political parties exist. They may tend to divide the society. The social divisions developing into political divisions may lead to conflicts, violence and even disintegration of the country.
2) At the same time all social divisions in politics do not lead to conflict. In a democratic society it is natural that political parties would talk about these divisions and make different promises to different communities. Social division affects voting in different communities.
19. How far do you agree with the statement that all social differences are not always an accident? Explain.
Ans. 1) All social differences are not because of accident of birth. There are many differences that are result of our choice.
2) For example, to follow a particular religion different from that of one’s family, choosing an occupation different from that of the family traditionally prefers. All these may cause social differences.
3) Now the whole world has turned into a global village. The countries which were once highly homogeneous are undergoing rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world.
20. How political parties raise the chances of social division in the democratic countries? Explain.
Ans. 1) Political parties often refer to these social divisions and make political promises based on the size of the division.
2) Political parties represent various social groups.
3) Political parties address the grievances of the socially disadvantaged groups.
4) People’s preference for political parties and voting pattern are influenced by the issue of social divisions.
21. Why do social differences emerge in a society? Does every social difference lead to social division? Explain with the help of an example.
Ans. 1) Differences in the society occur in a society due to accident of birth.
2) Differences may occur due to our own choices.
3) Every social difference does not lead to social division. Some differences can unite very different people. For example Carlos and Smith, both were African American and different form Norman, who was white. But, they were also similar in some other ways-they all were athletes who stood against racial discrimination.
22. How is political expression of social division in democracy beneficial?
Ans. 1) This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these.
2) Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often resulted in their cancelling on another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.
3) People who feel marginalized deprived and discriminated fight against the injustice. Such a fight often takes the democratic path, voicing their demands in a peaceful and constitutional manner and seeking a fair position through elections.
23. “Assertion of social diversities need not be seen as a source of danger”. Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Ans. In a democracy political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these. Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often resulted in their cancelling on another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy. The struggle against differences, sometimes takes the path of violence and defiance of state power. However history shows that democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity. Thus assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger.
24. “Social divisions of one kind or another exist in most countries.” In the light of the above statement, mention a few bases of social division in India.
Ans. 1) Social division on the basis of caste.
2) Social division on the basis of religion.
3) Social division on the basis of language.
4) Social division on the basis of region.
5) Social division on the basis of community.
6) Social division on the basis of Economic status.
25. Do you choose your friends on the basis of caste? Explain the reasons.
Ans. 1) Keeping such type of thoughts in mind represents the narrow thinking.
2) I am not learning such type of thoughts in my school and even not at my house also.
3) All men are the creatures of God and they all are similar.
26. Explain the out of politics of social division under the heading of “Raising of demand by political leader”.
Ans. a) The outcome of social division also depends on how political leaders raise the demands on how political leaders raise the demands of any community.
b) It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and not at the cost of another community.
c) The Sinhala leaders of Sri Lanka wanted to fulfill their demands at the cost of other communities and this led to a civil war.
27. Explain the out of politics of social division under the heading of ‘people’s perception’.
Ans. 1) This is the most important factor which decides the outcome of politics of social divisions. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it will lead to social division and violence.
2) As long as the people in Northern Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestants, their differences prevailed.
3) It is much easier if the people are complementary with national identities.
28. Explain the out of politics of social division under the heading of “Reaction of government to the demands of people”.
Ans. 1) The outcome of politics of social division also depends on how the government reacts to the demands of different groups.
2) If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country.
3) But if they try to suppress such a demand with force and in the name of national Unity, this can lead to civil war or division of country and that has happened in Sri Lanka.
29. Can the politics and social divisions be allowed to mix? Explain the term in the positive point of view.
Ans. a) It reveals that combination of politics and social division is very harmful for the peace and security of the country.
b) Democracy involves political competition among political parties, and political parties usually take up the existing social issues as the political issues.
c) It is very natural that social division affects the politics and politics would take up the matter through promises, take up the matter through promises, make policies to uplift the disadvantaged communities, and look into the representation of various communities.
d) All these never lead to disintegration of the country.
30. How have social divisions resulted in a violent and bitter ethno political conflict in Northern Ireland?
Ans. 1) Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom has been for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict.
2) Its population is divided into major sects of Christianity. 53% population is of Protestants and 44% population is of Catholics.
3) This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties who demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the republic of Ireland, a predominant Catholic country.
4) Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with UK, which is predominant Protestants