CBSE Class 10 History Chapter-4 The Making of a global world – Free PDF Download
Free PDF download of Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 4 – The Making of a global world prepared by expert History teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books only by CoolGyan to score more marks in CBSE board examination.
CBSE Class 10 History Chapter-4 The Making of a global world Important Questions
CBSE Class 10 History Important Questions Chapter 4 – The Making of a global world
3 Mark Questions
1. Explain the impacts of the First World War?
Ans. 1. It was the first modern industrial was which involved industrial nations.
2. Machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons etc are used ona massive scale.
3. Unthinkable death and destruction.
4. Most of the people killed and injured were man of working age.
5. Declined the household income.
6. Men were forced to join in the war.
7. Women slapped into undertake jobs which they were not used to.
2. What were the effects of the great Depression on the Indian economy?
Ans. 1. The economy depression immediately affected Indian Trade, as India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934
2. Agriculture prices fell sharply, but the colonial government refused to reduce revenues.Peasants producing for the world markets were worst hit.
3. Raw jute was produced, processed in the industries to make gunny bags. Its exports collapsed and prices fell by 60% peasants of Bengal fell into debt traps.
4. Peasants used up their savings mortgaged lands and sold their precious jewelry to meet their expenses.
3. 19th century indenture has been described as a ‘New system of slavery’. Explain .
Ans. In the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Indians and Chinese laborers went to work on plantations in mines and in mines and in road and railways construction projects around the world.
1. In India, indentures laborers were hired under contracts which promises return travel to India after they had worked for five years on plantations.
2. Gradually in India cottage industries declined, land rents rose, land were cleared for mines and plantations. All this affected the lines of the poor. They failed to pay their rents become indebted, and were forced to migrate in search of work.
3. The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, Mauritius, Fiji and Ceylon and Malaya.
4. Recruitment was done by agent engaged by employers and paid small commission.
4. “One important feature of the US economy in the 1920’s was mass production.” Explain.
Ans. 1. A well known pioneer of mass production was the car manufacturer, ‘Henry Ford’.
2. He adopted an assembly line technique of a slaughter house.
3. He realized that the ‘Assembly line’ method would allow a faster and cheaper way of producing vehicles.
4. This method forced workers to repeat a single task mechanically and continuously
5. This was a way of increasing output per worker by speeding up the pace of work.
6. This doubling go daily wages was considered ‘best cost – cutting decision’ he had evermade.
5. Give evidences to prove that there was a vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural link between different parts of the world.
Ans. 1. The travelers, traders, priests and pilgrims carried goods, money, values, skills, ideas and inventions.
2. The Indus valley civilization had an active coastal trade linked with the present-day West Asia around 3000 BCE.
3. The Silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.
6. In what ways did food items offer scope for long distance cultural exchange?
Ans. 1. Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange. Traders and travelers introduced new crops to the lands they traveled.
2. It is believed that noodles travelled to the West from China to become spaghetti. Arab traders took pasta in fifth century Sicily in Italy.
3. Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chilies, and sweet potatoes and so on were not known to India until about five centuries ago. These foods were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Columbus accidently discovered America.
7. “The most powerful weapon of Spanish conquest of America was not the conventional military weapon at all” Explain.
Ans. 1. The Portuguese and Spanish conquests colonized America by the mid-sixteenth century. European conquest was not a result of superior firepower.
2. They carried allot of germs such as those of smallpox on their person.
3. America’s original inhabitants had no immunity against this disease that came from Europe. Smallpox proved deadly killer.
4. Once introduced, it killed and decimated whole communities, paving the way of conquest.
8. Describe the important developments that greatly shrank the pre-modern world.
Ans. 1. The world changed a lot in the nineteenth century. Many economic, political, social, cultural and technological factors interacted in complex way to transform societies and reshape relations between countries.
2. One can identify three types of movements or flows in the transaction. The first is the flow of trade which in the nineteenth century referred largely to trade in goods.
3. The second is the flow of labour-migration of people in search of employment.
4. The third is the movement of capital for short or long term investments over long distances.
9. Why were corn laws introduced and later abolished in Britain in the late 18th century?
Ans. 1. Population growth from the late 18th century had increased the demand for food grains in Britain pushing up the prices.
2. Under pressure from farmers, the government restricted the import of corn. These laws were commonly known as the Corn Laws.
3. The industrialists and people living in cities forced the government to abolish Corn Laws.
10. Describe the impact of food imports on Britain in the nineteenth century.
Ans. 1. After the Corn Laws were abolished, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country.
2. British agriculture was unable to compete with imports.
3. Vast areas of land were now left cultivated, and thousands of men and women were thrown out of work.
4. They flocked to the cities or migrated overseas.
11. Explain the three types of flow or movements within international economic exchange.
Ans. 1. The first is the flow of trade which in the nineteenth century referred largely to trade.
2. The second is the flow of labour- the migration of people in search of employment.
3. The third is the movement of capital for short term or long term investments over long distance.
12. When and why did world Bank and IMF start financial interventions in the developing countries?
Ans. 1. The International Monetary fund and the World Bank were created to meet the financial needs of the industrial countries.
2. When Europe and Japan rapidly rebuilt their economy, these become less dependent on the IMF and the World Bank. Thus from the late 1950s the Breton Woods institutions, World Bank and IMF, began to turn their attention towards developing countries.
3. The newly independent countries facing problem of poverty came under the guidance of international agencies dominated by the former colonial powers.
13. Why did the developing countries organize the G-77?
Ans. 1. The developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth the western economies experienced in the 1950s and 1960s under the guidance of World Bank and IMF.
2. They organized themselves as a group –the group of 77- to demand a new international economic order.
3. NIEO means a system that would give them real control over their natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials, and better access for their manufacturing goods in developed countries markets.
14. Why did fixed exchange rate system collapsed in the 1960s?
Ans. 1. Despite years of stable and rapid growth, not all was well in this post-war world. From the rising costs of its overseas involvements weakened the US’s finances and competitive strength.
2. The US dollar now no longer commanded confidence as the world’s principal currency. It could not maintain its value in relation to gold.
3. This eventually led to the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rates.
15. Explain how Bretton Wood’s institution inaugurated an era unprecedented growth for western industrial nations and Japan.
Ans. 1. The IMF gave money to developed countries to help them reconstruct and reshape their economy.
2. They aimed at global stability of economies and better employment opportunist.
3. To make this possible, they gave credit loans. They also maintained a balance a world trade.
4. Japan and other western countries were helped by these institutions in post war reconstruction and to help them have stable economies.
16. Explain the impact of Great Depression of 1929 on the Indian economy giving three points.
Ans. 1. Indian imports as well as exports almost halved between 1928 and 1934.
2. As International prices crashed prices in India also plunged.
3. Wheat prices fell by 50%.
4. Although agricultural prices fell sharply yet the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands.
17. Describe the significance of silk route in the pre-modern period in the field of Trade, cultural exchange and religion.
Ans. 1. Pre-modern world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America. It shrank greatly in the sixteenth century after European sailors found a sea route to Asia and also successfully crossed the western ocean to America.
2. Before its discovery America had been cut off from regular contact with the rest of the world. But from the sixteenth century, its vast lands and abundant crops and minerals began to transform trade and lives everywhere.
3. Precious metals particularly silver, from mines located in present day Peru and Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia.
18. Enumerate the importance of silk routes.
Ans. 1. The name of silk routes points to the importance of west-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route.
2. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa.
3. Early Christian missionaries travelled through this route to Asia, as did early Muslims preachers a few centuries later.
19. Highlight three main features of life of African people before the coming of Europeans.
Ans. 1. Africa had abundant land and a relatively small population.
2. For centuries land and livestock sustained African livelihoods. Agriculture and animal rearing was the main occupation of the people. Most of the villages and families were self sufficient.
3. People rarely worked for a wage. There were a few consumer goods that wages could buy.
20. What is the meaning of cultural fusion?
Ans. 1. Cultural fusion is a phenomenon which emerges when two or more cultures intermingle and produce a new culture.
2. Indentured labour used to live and work in very harsh conditions. This forced them to seek new avenues of comforts and relaxations. This balanded different cultural form.
21. Give three examples how indentured labour system led to cultural fusion.
Ans. 1. In Trinidad, the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called Hosey in which workers of all races and religion joined.
2. The protest religion of Rastafarianism is also said to reflect social and cultural links with Indian Migrants to the Caribbean.
3. Chutney music is another creative contemporary expression of the post-indenture experience.
22. What attracted the Europeans to Africa? Give any three reasons.
Ans. 1. Africa had vast resources of land and minerals. Its population was very small and land was abundant.
2. Europeans were hoping to establish plantations and mines to produce crops for minerals for export to Europe. They faced a shortage of labour willing to work for wages. But they used many methods like heavy taxes to recruit and retain labour.
3. In Africa industrial revolution did not take place. Also African countries were militarily weak and backward.
23. Explain any three factors responsible for the Great Depression of 1929.
Ans. 1. Due to agricultural over production, prices slumped and income declined. Farmers expanded the production to maintain their overall income. This worsened the glut in the market.
2. In the mid-1920s, US financed many countries through loans but in 1929 these countries faced an acute crisis. US loan withdrawal affected the whole Europe.
3. Major Banks collapsed along with currencies such as British pound and sterling. The US attempts to protect its economy in depression by doubling its import duties affected the world badly.
24. How did the great depression of 1929 affected the farmers in India?
Ans. 1. Earlier colonial India had become an exporter of agricultural goods and importer of manufacturers. Due to Great Depression, India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934. During this period, wheat prices in India fell by 50%. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit.
2. Though agricultural prices fell sharply.
3. Peasants fell deeper into debt. They used up their savings, mortgaged land.
25. How did the great depression of 1929 affected the middle classes in India?
Ans. 1. Because of falling prices, those with fixed income- urban landlords who received rents, salaried employees, found themselves better-off. Everything costs less.
2. Industrial investment also grew as the government extended tariff protection to industries under the pressure of nationalist opinion.
26. Examine the impact of First World War on European societies.
Ans. 1. The First World War cost mass scale death and destruction. More than nine million people were dead and about twenty million people were injured.
2. During the war, industries were restructured to produce war related goods.
3. Entire societies were also reorganized for war related goods.
27. Explain the impact of the Great Depression of 1929-1934 on the world’s economy.
Ans. 1. There happened deterioration of the economic conditions of the capitalist.
2. There had been great fall in the industrial production as the demand for goods of all types also fell.
3. Unemployment soared very high.
4. There was a great fall in the living standard of the people.
5. Agricultural prices fell disastrously.
28. Highlight the main problems occurred after the First World War.
Ans. 1. The main problem of post war recovery was to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world. Anxiety and Uncertainty about work become and enduring part of the post war scenario.
2. Britain which was the world’s leading economy in the pre-war period, in particular faced a prolonged crises.
3. Britain was burdened with huge external debts. Many industrial economies were in crises.
29. Briefly explain the key lessons which economists and politicians drew out from inter-war economic experiences.
Ans. 1. An Industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without mass consumption for which there was a need for stable incomes guaranteed by stable employment. This economic stability had to be ensured by the government.
2. The goal of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to control flows of goods, capital and labour.
3. The main aim of the post war international economic system was to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world.
30. How can you say that ancient silk routs helped in spreading of the values of one place to another?
Ans. 1. These routes helped in spreading science and technology.
2. Spread of religious thoughts and religious practices.
3. Spread of various clothing patterns.
4. Spread of spirituous ideas and moral values.
31. Colonization led to which changes?
Ans. 1. It stimulated new investment in foreign lands.
2. It led to improvement in transport and communication.
Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships to move food more quickly and cheaply from faraway places to final market were introduced.
32. Explain any three problems faced by Indian cotton textile weavers by the turn of the 19th century.
Ans. 1. The first was the Industrial Revolution in England as result of which England stopped all imports of textiles from India.
2. It flooded the Indian market with machine made cloths which were cheaper and more attractive.
3. The East India Company bought almost all the cotton from the Indian bazaars and sent to England to feed the cotton factories there. Almost no or very little cotton as a raw material was left for the Indian textile industries.
33. Describe briefly the effects of Rinderpest in Africa in the 1890s.
Ans. 1. As a result of this fatal disease, 90%of the cattle in Africa died.
2. Completely impoverished and broken Africans were forced into the labour market, which they were resisting for long.
3. The loss of cattle destroyed livelihood of many Africans.
34. Why did fixed exchange rate system collapsed in the 1960s?
Ans. 1. Despite years of stable and rapid growth, not all was well in this post-war world. From the rising costs of its overseas involvements weakened the US’s finances and competitive strength.
2. The US dollar now no longer commanded confidence as the world’s principal currency. It could not maintain its value in relation to gold.
3. This eventually led to the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rates.
