CBSE Class 10 History Chapter-3 Nationalism in India- Free PDF Download
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CBSE Class 10 History Chapter-3 Nationalism in India Important Questions
CBSE Class 10 History Important Questions Chapter 3 – Nationalism in India
3 Mark Questions
1. what was the role of women in the civil Disobedience movement?
Ans. 1) Participated is the salt Satyagraha in large number.
2) They participated in protest marches and also manufactured salt.
3) Many women went to jails
4) In rural areas the women considered service to the nation a sacred duty.
2. Explain the problems faced in unifying people.
Ans. All credits of glorious past were attributed to the Aryans and their contributions therefore itbecame difficult to bring all communities on a single platform.
3. Why and how is the identity of a nation symbolized in a Figure?
Ans. (1) It helps create an image with which people can identify the nation.
2) With the growth of nationalism identify of India came to be associated with the image of BharatMata.
4. Which political solutions were adopted by Dalits leaders to the problems of their community?
Ans. 1. Many Dalits leaders were keen on different political solutions to the problems of the community.
2. They began organizing themselves and demanding reserved seats in electoral institutions.
3. They also asked for separate electorate that would choose Dalits members for legislative councils.
4. They believed, Political empowerment would resolve the problems of their social disabilities.
5. Dr B R Ambedkar organized the Dalits and formed a Depressed classes Association in 1930s.
6. These voluntary organizations also receive financial support from the government for creating awareness among people.
5. Why did the growth of nationalism in the colonies linked to anti colonial movement?
Ans. By the end of Nineteenth century anti-colonial Movement in most of the colonies led to the growth of nationalism. The colonial exploitation led to poverty and caused miseries to the people. The shared a common hatred against the colonial rule. In colonies the people began to discover their unity in the process of their struggle against colonialism. Each section of the society felt the effects of colonialism. The British policy of racialism and that of divide and rule exposed the nature of their rule and created the feeling of oneness among Indians. They felt the sense of common hatred against colonial rule.
6. Why did the Rich peasant communities become active in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Ans. 1. Rich peasant communities –like Patidars of Gujarat and the Jatts of Uttar Pradesh- were active in the movement.
2. Being producers of cash crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.
3. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment.
4. Due to this reason rich peasants become enthusiastic supporters of the civil Disobedience Movement.
7. What was the impact of Infamous Jallianwalla Bhag incident over Society and British Government?
Ans. 1. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns.
2. There were strikes, classes with the police and attacks on government buildings.
3. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorize people.
4. Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salute to all sahibs.
5. People were flogged and village around Gujranwala in Punjab now in Pakistan were bombed.
8. Who gave the slogan “Inquilab – Zindabad”? What do you understand by this slogan?
Ans. 1. The famous slogan Inquilab Zindabad was given by Hasrat Mohani. This famous slogan inspired the activities of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association particularly Ashfaqulla Khan, Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad.
2. It is a Hindustani phrase taken from Persian which translates to “Long Live Revolution”.
3. It was a common phrase used by revolutionaries during the British rule over India.
4. It was popularized in the activities of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association by revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad, who used it to urge future generations to endorse, and support the party’s rebellious actions.
9. What is separate electorate? Why do you think Gandhiji was against the demand of separate electorate by B R Ambedkar?
Ans. Separate electoratesare usually demanded by minorities who feel it would otherwise be difficult for them to get fair representation in government.Separate electoratefor Dalits means that Dalits will choose theirseparateleader byseparateelections for Dalits.
Gandhiji was against the demand of separate electorate of Dr B R Ambedkar because he believes that separate electorates for Dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organizations locally known as.
10. Why martial law was imposed in Punjab during the month of April in 1919?
Ans. The martial law was imposed in Punjab because Rowlatt Act was introduced by the British Government. Against this act rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops closed down. British Government decided to clamp down on the nationalist leaders. Local leader were picked up from Amritsar. Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoke widespread attacks on banks post offices and railway stations. Due to this martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.
11. Why were Indians reacted against Rowlett Act?
Ans. 1. This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of Indian Members.
2. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
3. The Rowlett Act acted as an instrument of suppression of civil rights of the Indians hence produced widespread discontent among masses.
12. Mention the features of the flag which was designed by Gandhiji?
Ans. In 1921 Gandhiji had designed the swaraj flag.
1. It was a tricolor flag and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.
2. Tricolors were-red, green and white.
3. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.
13. What were three proposals regarding Non- Cooperation movement, as suggested by Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. 1. The movement was to be unfolded in stages.
2. It should begin with the surrender of titles awarded by the government and boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, legislative council, schools and foreign goods.
3. Then, In case the government used repression, a civil disobedience movement would be launched.
14. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. The place of Peasants Satyagraha.
2. The place associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement
B. Locate and Label Madras-the place where the Indian National Congress session held in 1927 with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification
Ans.
15. Can you explain why some congress leaders were reluctant to boycott the council elections of November 1920?
Ans. Many within the congress were, however concerned about the proposals given by Gandhiji. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections of November 1920 because the feared that the Movement might lead to popular violence. In the months between September and December there was instance tussle within the congress. For a while there seemed no meeting point between the supporters and the opponents of the movement. Finally at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non cooperation program was adopted.
16. Highlight the effects of Non Cooperation movement on the economy of India.
Ans. The effect of non co-operation on the economic front was more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfire. The import of foreign cloths halved between 1921 and 1922 its value dropping from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textiles mills and handlooms went up.
17. What were the methods used by peasants of Awadh to achieve their goal? Explain.
Ans. 1. In many places nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by panchayats to deprive landlords of the service of even barbers and washer men.
2. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
3. Some peasants denied doing beggar-work without at landlords’ farms without any payment.
4. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted.
18. Why was the Non Cooperation movement withdrawn by Gandhiji?
Ans. 1. The movement was turning violent.
2. At Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh, a peaceful demonstration in bazaar turned into a violent clash in which more than 20 policemen were killed.
3. Gandhiji also felt that Satyagraha is needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass movement.
19. How was the Civil obedience Movement different from Non Cooperation Movement? State any three points of difference.
Ans. 1. Non-cooperation Movement was launched in1920 to 1922, while the Civil Disobedience Movement continued 1929 to 1934.
2. The Non-cooperation Movement was launched because of the anger of Jallianwala Bagh and against Rowlett Act, while Civil Disobedience movement was launched against the arrival of Simon Commission.
3. The Idea of Non Cooperation include that if the Indians refused to cooperate British rule in India will would collapse within a year and swaraj would come. But the idea of Civil Disobedience Movement includes breaking colonial rules and disobeying the rules.
20. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. A place where the session of Congress held in 1929
2. A place associated with the movement of Indigo Planters.
B. Locate and Label Ahmadabad-cotton mill workers Satyagraha with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification
Ans.
21. Highlight the major facts about the new economic situation created by First Word War in India?
Ans. 1. First World War led to a huge increase in defense expenditure which was financed war loans and increase in Taxes.
2. Custom duties were raised and new income taxes were introduced.
3. Through war years prices increased-doubling between 1913 and 1918.
4. Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers.
5. Forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger
22.“Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of unified national movement” Can you explain that opportunity.
Ans. That opportunity was ‘Khilafat Issue’. The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the ottoman emperor-the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khailifa). To defend the khalifa’s temporal power, a khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919. A young generation of Muslims leaders likes the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, Began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of unified national movement.
23. What were the main ideas of Gandhiji behind ‘Non Co-operation’?
Ans. Gandhiji in his famous book Hind Sawraj declared that British Rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and successful only because of our cooperation.If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year and swaraj would come. According to Gandhiji it should begin with the surrender of titles that the British government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools and foreign.
24. Elaborate the contribution of Allaouri Sita Ram Raju in the nationalist movement of India.
Ans. 1. Alluri Sita Ram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers: he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people, and he could survive even bullet shots.
2. Captivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God. Rajju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people to wear Khadhi and giving up drinking.
3. But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.
4. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju was captured and executed in 1924, and over the time became a folk hero.
25. Why martial law was imposed in Punjab during the month of April in 1919?
Ans. 1. Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlett Act (1919).
2. Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down.
3. On April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoke widespread attacks on banks, post office and railway stations.
4. The British administration decided to clampdown on nationalists. Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.
26. Can you explain why some congress leaders were reluctant to boycott the council elections of November 1920?
Ans. 1. Many within the congress were however, concerned about the proposal of Gandhiji to start Non Cooperation Movement.
2. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections scheduled for November 1920.
3. They feared that the movement led to popular violence.
4. In the months between September and December there was intense tussle within the congress.
27. What was the contribution of Natesa Shartri for the revival of folklore and folk tales? What were his views?
Ans. In madras Natesa Shastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, the Folklore of Southern India.
1. He believed that folklore was national literature;
2. It was most trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thought and characteristics.
28. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. The Satyagraha of the peasants
2. Place where Gandhiji violated the Salt Law.
B. Locate and Label Nagpur session 1920 with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification
Ans.
29. What was the outcome of the Poona pact? How did it benefit the dalits?
Ans. The Poona pact of sept. 1932 gave the depressed classes reserved seat in provincial andcentral legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.
30. Explain the differences that emerged the congress and the Muslim league on Politicalissues.
Ans. The important differences were over the question of representation in the future assembliesthat were to be elected Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the Muslim league was willing to give up thatdemand for separate electorates if Muslim were given reserved seats in the central assembly andrepresentation in proportion to population in the Muslim dominated provinces.
31. How did Mahatma Gandhi organize Satyagraha in various places in India ?
Ans. 1)In 1917 he traveled in champaran ran, Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle againstoppressive plantation system.
2) In 1919 he organized Satyagraha to support peasants of Kheda in Gujarat.
3) In 1918 he went to Ahmedabad to organize this movement amongst cotton mill workers.
4) In 1919 he launched Satyagraha against Rowlatt act.
32. Explain the factors responsible for the growth of nationalism in the later half of the 19thcentury.
Ans. 1) Economic exploitation
2) Administrative and economic unification of the country.
3) Western education’
4) Development of Press.