Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism In Europe 5 Mark Question

CBSE Class 10 History Important Questions Chapter 1 – The Rise of Nationalism In Europe

5 Mark Questions

1. How did the Journalist Wilhelm Wolff describe the revolt led by the Silesia weavers against contractors in 1845?
Ans. In 1845, weavers of Silesia had led a revolt against contractors who supplied them raw materials. They gave them order for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
1. The workers were living in extreme poverty and misery.
2. The desperate need for has been taken advantage of by the contractors to reduce the prices of the goods they order.
3. On 4 June at 2 P.M. a large crowd of weavers emerged from their homes and marched in pairs up to the mansion of their contractor demanding higher wages.
4. They were treated with scorn and threats alternately.
5. A group of weavers entered in to a house of a contractor. They smashed the window panes, furniture and porcelain. They entered the storehouse and tore to shreds the supplies of cloth.
6. The contractor fled away with his family to a neighboring village and came back after 24 hours with army.

2. “The use of Polish language came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance”. Justify the statement.
Ans. Language played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. After Russian occupation, the polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian language was imposed everywhere. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was ultimately crushed. Following this, many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance. Polish was used for church gatherings and all religious instructions. As a result, a large number of priests and bishops were put in jail or sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as punishment for their refusal to preach in Russian. So we say that the use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.

3. How would you categories the factors which promoted the building up of the dominance of English ethnic in British Isles?
Ans. Economic Prosperity: The Industrial revolution helped in the economic prosperity of the English nation. It succeeded in extending its influence over the other nations of the island with the help of trade and wealth.
1. English Parliament: The English parliament which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a protracted conflict was the instrument through which a nation state with England at its centre came to be forged.
2. The Act of Union 1707: According to this act the United Kingdom of Great Britain was formed and Scotland merged in to England. British parliament became stronger.
3. Majority of English members in the British Parliament: Due to the Act of 1707 United Kingdom was formed and the parliament dominated by the English members. This was a major factor to uplift the identity of British.
4. Setback to Scotland’s distinctive culture and identity: catholic clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to assert their independence. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic Language

4. What ideas justify that the first half of nineteenth century were the years of Hunger, hardship and Revolts?
Ans. The 1830s were years of great economic hardship.
1. The first half of nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over the Europe.
2. In most countries of the Europe there were more job seekers than employment.
3.Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums. Small producers in town were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine made goods from England, where industrialization
4. This was especially so in textile production, which was carried out mainly in homes or small workshops and was only partly mechanized.
5. In those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
6. The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread anger in towns and country.
7. In 1848 due to food shortage and unemployment the population of Paris started a revolution.

5. Which conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the 19th century Europe?
Ans. Following were the obstacles viewed by the new commercial classes, to the economic exchange and growth during the 19th century Europe
1. There was enormous increase in population all over Europe.
2. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums and could not afford to fulfill the basic needs.
3. Unemployment increased. In most countries, there were more job seekers than employment.
4. Cheap machine made goods from England were giving stiff competition to small producers of European Towns.
5. The price of food inflated many folds due to bad harvest. It led to a widespread pauperism in European towns.

6. How would you justify that the Act of union was a major setback to the Scottish Identity?
Ans. 1. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘united Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant in effect that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland.
2. The British Parliament was henceforth dominated by its English members.
3. The growth of a British identity meant that Scotland’s distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed.
4. Catholic clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to assert their independence.
5. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic Language or wear their national dress, and large number were forcibly driven out their homelands.

7. Mention the obstacles in the way of the Italian Unification.
Ans. 1. Division of Italy into so many states: The division of Italy into many states and their mutual quarrels rendered Italy quite weak.
2. Foreign Rules: Foreign countries like France and Austria established their control over a large part of Italy. Napoleon the French emperor had conquered the whole of Italy. Thus the foreign rule was a big hurdle in the way of the Italian Unification.
3. Congress Of Vienna: After the downfall of Napoleon the congress of Vienna once again divided Italy into small states and thus played a great havoc with the task of Italian unification.
4. The Pope of Rome: The pope of Rome was keeping Rome and its adjoining territories under his dominance as such he was also proving a great hurdle in the way of the Italian unification.
5. Reactionary rulers: Reactionary rulers in most of the Italian states were also proving a great hurdle in the way of Italian Unification.

8. Explain the different factors which led to the rise of nationalism in Europe.
Ans. Following are the factors which led to the rise of Nationalism in Europe:
1. Decline of Feudalism: Feudal lords were a great tumbling bloc in the way of the rise of the nationalism feelings among the people. But their mutual warfare and crusades weakened them.
2. Weakness of Papacy and the Roman Empire: The renaissance and reformation movements led to awakening among the people and weakened the aythrority of the pope and the Holy Roman Empire. Consequently, national churches and national states were established in many countries.
3. Foreign Rule: in certain countries foreign rule also played an important part in the growth of nationalism.
4. Reaction against Injustice: Sometimes reaction against the arbitrary rule of unjust monarchs also gave birth to the feeling of nationalism.
5. Contribution of Great writers: The writings of great poets, politicians and philosophers like Machiavelli, J.S. Mill, Fitch, Mazzini, Garibaldi etc. went a long way in rousing political consciousness and national sprit among the people.

9. Describe the dissimilarities between the process of unification of Italy and Germany.
Ans.

10. How did the Balkan issue become one of the major factors responsible for the First world War?
A. Balkans was a region of geographical and ethical variations comprising modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were known as slaves.
B. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkan together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.
C. As the different Slavic nationalism struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became as area of intense conflict.
D. The Balkan states were jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of other. Balkans also became as area of big power rivalry.
E. Each European power such as Russia, Germany, England, Austria-Hungry was keen on countering the hold of other powers over Balkans and this led to a series of wars eventually the First World War.