Three Locally Available Common Flowering Plants – Study And Description


Aim Of The Experiment

To study and describe the three locally available common flowering plants one from each of the families Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae(Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted for specific geographical location) along with dissection and exhibition of floral whorls, anther and ovary to show the number of chambers through floral whorls and diagrams, types of roots (tap and adventitious), stem(woods and herbaceous) and leaf(shape, arrangement, venation, compound and shape).

Family – Solanaceae

This family is referred to as the Nightshade family.

Petunia nyctanginifolia

HabitatGrown an ornamental herb, Annual.
RootThe root is branched. Tap-root system is observed
StemBranched, aerial, solid, green, erect, herbaceous, cylindrical, hairy
LeafConsecutive in basal part and opposing decussate in the upper part, simple, cauline and Ramal, sessile, stipulate, acute, ovate, hairy, entire, unicostate, reticulate.
InflorescenceAxillary dichasial cyme, Cymose.
FlowerHypogynous, pedicellate, bracteate, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, regular, pentamerous, complete, cyclic, white or light violet in colour.
Calyx5 sepals, deeply lobes, green, gamosepalous, inferior, hairy, persistent
Corolla5 petals, white or light violet in colour, infundibuliform, valvate, gamopetalous, induplicate, inferior, pentafid
Gynoecium2 carpels (bicarpellary), superior, many ovules in each locule, stigma capitate, placenta swollen, syncarpous, bilocular, style long
Androecium5 stamens, epipetalous, polyandrous, filaments unequal, basifixed, introse
FruitCapsule
Floral formulaBr, ⊕⚥ K(5),C(overline{(5A)})5, G(2)

Family – Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) Pea family

Pisum sativum

HabitatCultivated, annual herb
RootPresence of root nodules, branched, tap.
StemSmooth, glaucous, cylindrical, weak, herbaceous, branched, climb with the help of leaf tendrils.
LeafCompound, Cauline and Ramal, alternate, stipulate, imparipinnate, terminal leaflet forms a tendril, leaflets 4 to 6.
InflorescenceSolitary arrangement of flowers or axillary racemes, racemose
FlowerWhite or pink, complete, zygomorphic, irregular, bracteate, pedicellate, hermaphrodite, papilionaceous, hypogynous
CalyxImbricate, 5 sepals, campanulate, gamosepalous
CorollaWhite/pink, 5 petals (1 standard, 2 wings, 2 keels united, keels shorter than wings), Corolla papilionaceous, enclosed pistil and stamens, imbricate.
Gynoecium1 carpel, ovary superior, ovules many style bent and long, terminal, ovary hairy, stigma simple, unilocular, marginal placentation
Androecium10 stamens in 2 bundles (diadelphous–9+1–9 mixed at the base for the formation of a tube around the ovary, 1 is free), basifixed, dehiscence by longitudinal cleave, anthers bilobed
SeedsGround, uniform
FruitA legume (pod)
Floral formula% ⊕⚥ K(5),C1 +2 +(2), A(9) +1, G1

Family – Liliaceae (Lily family)

Allium cepa

HabitatCultivated, Herbs.
RootThe root is fibrous.
StemThe stem is underground. Altered to disc-like and found enclosed by scale leaves to form a bulb.
LeafThe leaves are simple.
Inflorescenceleaflets scape or Terminal umbel

(The young inflorescence can be surrounded by 2-3 membranous bract)

FlowerWhite in colour, complete, pedicellate, actinomorphic, bracteate, hermaphrodite, hypogynous
PerianthsImbricate, gamophyllous, 6 lobed, arranged in 2 whorls of 3 each
GynoeciumStyle short, tricarpellary, axile plantation, Superior ovary, stigma small, trilocular, 2 ovules/locule, syncarpous
AndroeciumPolyandrous, anthers, 6 stamens arranged in 2 whorls of 3 each, epiphyllous, long, dorsifixed, introse
SeedsSeeds are albuminous.
FruitCapsule/Berry/
Floral formula⊕⚥P3+3A3+3G(3) or P(3+3)

Viva Questions

Q.1. Define a flower.

A.1. For sexual reproduction in plants, a flower is a modified shoot in flowering plants.

Q.2. Typically, how many whorls does a flower possess?

A.2. Usually, a flower has four whorls.

Q.3. Name the four whorls of a flower.

A.3. The four whorls of a flower are:

  • Corolla
  • Calyx
  • Androecium
  • Gynoecium

Q.4. Name the essential whorls of a flower.

A.4. They are Gynoecium and Androecium.

Q.5. Define a complete flower.

A.5. A complete flower is a flower having all the four whorls.

Q.6. State the characteristics of a pea flower.

A.6. A pea plant is papilionaceous – 1 standard, two wings, two united keels.

Q.7. List ant two plants similar to Petunia.

A.7. The two plants similar to petunia are:

 

  • Potato – Solanum tubersum
  • Brinjal – S.melongena

Q.8. Name the inflorescence found in Petunia.

A.8. The type of inflorescence is cymose.

Q.9. What type of flower does Allium produce?

A.9. White in colour, hermaphrodite, complete, pedicellate, bracteate, actinomorphic, hypogynous.

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